نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد گروه مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی ورزشی، دانشکدۀ تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکدۀ تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تهران (پردیس البرز)، ‏تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی ورزشی، دانشکدۀ تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ تعیین موقعیت راهبردی و تدوین برنامۀ راهبردی معاونت توسعۀ ورزش قهرمانی و حرفه‌ای است. ‏روش تحقیق کیفی است که بر مبنای اهداف تحقیق در ردیف تحقیقات کاربردی و نیازمحور قرار دارد. نحوۀ ‏گردآوری اطلاعات،‎ ‎استفاده از پرسشنامۀ باز و مصاحبۀ نیمه‌ساختاریافته برای کسب نظرهای اعضای گروه‌های کانونی بود و در نهایت ‏برای بررسی و تصویب نهایی از نظرهای اعضای شورای راهبری استفاده ‏شد. نمونۀ تحقیق شامل رؤسای فدراسیون‌ها،‎ ‎نواب رئیس ‏فدراسیون‌ها،‎ ‎رئیس معاونت توسعۀ ورزش قهرمانی و حرفه‌ای و رئیس معاونت امور بانوان، مدیران کل و تعدادی از کارشناسان ‏معاونت توسعۀ ورزش قهرمانی و حرفه‌ای بود که به‌صورت کل‌شمار 30 نفر در نظر گرفته شد. پس از تجزیه‌وتحلیل نقاط قوت،‎ ‎ضعف،‎ ‎فرصت و تهدید و تشکیل ماتریس ارزیابی هریک از عوامل داخلی و خارجی، محرز شد که معاونت توسعۀ ورزش قهرمانی و ‏حرفه‌ای از نظر موقعیت راهبردی در منطقۀ ‏WO‏ قرار دارد.‏‎ ‎با وجود این، تمامی یازده راهبرد تدوین‌شده برای تحقق رسالت آن ‏انتخاب شدند. می‌توان اذعان داشت که معاونت توسعۀ ورزش قهرمانی و حرفه‌ای با اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از فرصت‌های پیش‌رو و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ضعف‌های دروﻧﯽ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﯿﻪ بر راهبرد‌های محافظه‌کارانه ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻫﺪاف ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻟﯽ سازمانی ﺧﻮد دﺳﺖ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ.‏

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Determining the Strategic Position and Develop Strategic Plan of the Deputy of the Athletics and Professional Development

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Nasrolah Sajadi 1
  • Tahereh Rahmati 2
  • Mehrzad Hamidi 3
  • Mohammad Khabiri 3

1 Professor, Department of Sport Management,, Faculty of Physical education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran , Iran

2 PhD Candidate, Department of Sport Management,, Faculty of Physical education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran , Iran

3 Associate Professor. Department of Sport Management,, Faculty of Physical education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran , Iran

چکیده [English]

 
The aim of this study was to determine the strategic position and develop strategic plan of the deputy of the athletics and professional development. The research method was qualitative and the research goal was demanded-centered and based on applied research. An open-ended questionnaire and a half-structured interview were used to gain feedback from the members of the focused groups. for this, the members of the strategy council review and approval was regarded.The sample consisted of a number of heads of federations, Vice-president of the federation, the deputy athletics and professional development ‎ and the deputy for women, general managers and a number of experts in the deputy athletics and professional development ‎ was considered (the total number of 30 as a whole). After analyzing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats formation and evaluation matrix of each of the internal and external factors, It was obvious that the deputy championship in terms of strategic position is in the region WO. However, all eleven strategies were chosen to develop its mission. It can be said that based on current opportunity, internal weaknesses reduction, and conservative strategies the championship and professional deputy could get to magnificent objectives of organization.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Strategic Planning
  • Analyzing(SWOT)
  • Strategic Position
  • Athletic Sport
  • Professional Sport
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    2.Muzaffari, Amir Ahmad ., Elahi, Alireza .(2009). "Comprehensive system for the development of ‎‎championship sports of the Islamic Republic of Iran". Research project of the Institute of Physical ‎‎Education and Sports Sciences, pp. 64-50‎.(In Persian).‎    

    1. Elahi, Alireza ., Pour-Aghaei Ardakan, Zahra .(2004). "Study of the condition of the country's football ‎‎stadiums in comparison with European standards". Journal of Movement Research Sciences. No. 19. pp. ‎‎61-78. ‎‎(In Persian).‎

    ‎4. Journal of the world of economics. No. 3232. Economists Club.‎

    ‎ http://www.philosociology.ir. ( In Persian).    ‎

    ‎5.Pierce and Robinson. (2001). "Strategic planning and management". (Sohrab Khalili Shourini, translator). ‎Publication Book Memorial .pp. 19-20. ‎(In Persian).‎‎‏‎(In Persian).‎

    ‏‎6. Hosseini, Seyed Amir (2009). "Sports of Public Diplomacy". Aftab Generation Cultural, Artistic, Sports ‎Institute. Http://naslaftab.com. (In Persian).‎

    ‏‎7. Hosseini, Seyed Shaho; Hamidi, Mehrzad; Ghorbanian Rajabi, Asieh; Sajjadi, Seyed Nasrollah (2013). ‎‎"Identification of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to find talent in the championship sport ‎of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the bottlenecks and challenges facing it". Journal of Sports ‎Management, No. 17, Summer 2013, pp. 54-29.(In Persian).‎

    ‏‎8. Khosravi Zadeh, Esfandiar ; Mehrzad, Hamidi; Jahangir ,Yadolahi; Khabiri, Mohammad(2012).‎‎"Developing Strategies and Determining the Strategic Position of the National Olympic Committee of the ‎Islamic Republic of Iran". Bi-Quarterly Journal of Sports Management and Development. Autumn and ‎Winter. No. 1, pp. 11-25.(In Persian).‎

    ‏‎9. Rasekh, Nazanin. (2012). "Designing and compiling a strategic plan for the development of women's ‎championship sports". Phd. Thesis , University of Tehran. pp. 52-50. ‎(In Persian).‎‎

    ‏‎10. Rasekh, Nazanin; Javadipour, Mohammad; Shaqli, Reyhaneh. (2016).Strategic Plannig for Institute of ‎Physical Education and Sports Science‎(In Persian).‎.‏.‏‎ Publication of Sprt Management.No.36.(2016).pp.17-42.‎‏

    ‎11. Ravand, Mustafa (2016). "Professional human resources: the key to excellence in the performance of ‎Iranian government organizations." Quarterly Journal of Human Resources Management Research of ‎Imam Hossein (AS) Comprehensive Knowledge, Year 8, No. 7 (Serial Number 25, Fall 2016, pp. 157-135. ‎(In Persian).‎‎

    ‎12. Razavi, Mohammad Hussein; Khosh Chehreh, Mohommad;Asadi Hasan;Kazemneghd Anoshiravan. ‎‎(2004). "Privatization in Sports with Emphasis on Championship Sports". Olympic Quarterly, Twelfth Year, ‎No. 4 (28 consecutive), pp. 19-31. ‎(In Persian).‎‎

    ‏‎13.Raisi Kia, Sadegh (2014). "Resistance Economics in Sport". Www.raesikia.com‎(In Persian).‎.‎

    ‏‎14. Saif Panahi Shabani, Jabbar. (2011). "Designing and formulating a strategy for the development of ‎championship sports in Kurdistan province". Quarterly Journal of Sports Management, No. 8, pp. 73-57‎(In Persian).‎‎

    ‎15. Ameri, Mir Hassan; jmei, Fatemeh. (2014).  Explaining the effective factors in people's tendency to ‎public sports and championships on emphasizing the role of mass media from the perspective of physical ‎education experts. ‎(In Persian).‎‏.‏Publication of Applied sports research in management.third year.No.1.pp.61-72.‎

    ‎16. Abdolmaleki, Hossein; Mirzazadeh, Zahrasadat; Alidoost Fahfarkhi, Ebrahim (2014). "Study and ‎prioritization of factors affecting the establishment of knowledge management system in the Ministry of ‎Sports and Youth." Studies of the basics of management in sports. First year, No. 4, winter, pp. 89-98. ‎(In Persian).‎‎

    ‏‎17.Askari, Bahman (2015). "Study of the effect of hosting score on the performance of host countries". ‎Sports Management Studies. No. 30, August 2015, pp. 105-120. ‎(In Persian).‎‎

    ‎18. Farahani Abolfazl ; Abdavi Baqtani Fatemeh.(2004).Facilities and equipment of sports bases in the ‎development of sports in the country.Journal of Movement.No.29., pp.69-83. ‎(In Persian).‎‎

    ‎19. Qasemi, Hamid; Tojari, Farshad; Kashkar, Sara. (2010). "Media Activities in Sports". Bamdad Ketab ‎Publications, Tehran. Third Edition, p. 25. ‎(In Persian).‎‎

    ‏‎20.Kupaei Jafari; Akbar Nazari; Hamidi, Mehrzad. (2015). "Development of a strategic plan for the ‎development of intra-school sports olympiads in Isfahan province. International Conference on New ‎Research Findings in Sports Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University.‎

    ‎21.Lamir, Amin Rashid; Amin Dehghan Lamir(2013). "Development of a strategic plan of the General ‎Directorate of Sports and Youth of Khorasan Razavi Province in the field of sports and physical education". ‎Journal of Sports Management, Volume 5, Number 4,. pp.179- 198. ‎(In Persian).‎‎

    ‏‎22. Mahmoudi, Somayeh; Khosravi Zadeh, Esfandiar; Bararzadeh, Ali. (2015). "Development of strategic ‎plans of the volleyball board of Markazi province". International Conference on New Research Findings in ‎Sports Science, Shahid Beheshti University. ‎(In Persian).‎‎

    ‎23. Mozaffari, Amira Ahmad; Elahi Alireza.(2012). "Development Strategies Iranian Championship Sports ‎System ". Journal of Sports Management Studies of the Institute of Physical Education, No. 13, pp.33- 48. ‎(In Persian).‎‎‏

    ‏‎24. Deputy Minister of Education of the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education. (2008). ‎‎"Introduction to process orientation and process management in the organization." pp.2- 9. ‎(In Persian).‎‎

    ‏‎25.Moghaddasi, Alireza (1389). "Application of Strategic and Operational Planning in Industry and ‎Entrepreneurship Organization". Journal of Entrepreneurship, No. 59, pp. 15-33.‎

    ‏‎26. Mehrdad Hormoz.(2001). Introduction to theories and concepts of cultural relationship between ‎sports.Phd. Thesis. University of Tehran.p.56. ‎(In Persian).‎‎

    ‎27. Nasirzadeh, Ghulam (1990). "Privatization of state-owned companies". Kamal Research and Cultural ‎Institute, No. 63, pp. 43-56. ‎(In Persian).‎‎

    ‏‎28. Nazari Rasol; Yaghmaee Leyla; Sohrabi Zahra.(2016).Strategic Land Management of Isfahan Sports ‎Department". Sports Management. Volume 8, Number 5, pp665-. 680. ‎(In Persian).‎‎

    ‏‎29. Ministry of Sports and Youth. Talent Search Office. (2016). Msy.gov.irm‎

    ‏‎30. Ministry of Sports and Youth. Deputy for the development of championship and professional sports. ‎‎(2016). Msy.gov.irm. ‎(In Persian).‎‎

    ‎31. Honary, Habib; Ahmadi, Seyed Abdul Hamid; Moradi, Mehdi. (2012). "Study of the four roles of sports ‎media in the development of championship sports culture". Journal of Sports Management Studies, No. 15, ‎‎. pp. 145-158. ‎(In Persian).‎‎

    ‏‎32.Hangerji, David; Violin, Thomas L. (2007). "Fundamentals of Strategic Management" (Seyed Mohammad ‎Arabi and Davood Izadi, translators). Third edition. Tehran: Cultural Research Office, pp. 23-25. ‎‎‎

    1. 33. Australian Sports Diplomacy Strategy .(2015-18).More information www.dfat.gov.au/sportsdiplomacy.
    2. 34. Canada’s National Sport Governing Body for Track & Field, Road Running and Cross Country, Strategic Plan .(2013 – 2020).Strategic Plan March 2016.pdf. ‎
    3. 35. Cleave, S;Doherty, A. (2005). “Understanding volunteer and nonvolunteer constraints: a mixed-method approach”. Eleventh Canadian Congress on Leisure Research. pp: 17-20.
    4. 36. De Bosscher, V.; De Knop, P; Van Bottenburg, M; Shibli, S; Bingham, J. (2009). “Explaining international sporting success”. European Sport Management,7.pp: 175-210. ‎
    5. 37. Loup, and et al .(2005) .”Strategic and performance management of olympic sport organizations”.Human kinetics.first edition. pp:146-151.
    6. 38. Manuel Pedro Rodríguez Bolívar. (2010). “Implementing the balanced scorecard in public sector agencies”: An experience in municipal sport services.. Copyright 2010 . http://revistaacademia.cladea.org. 45, 2010,pp: 116-139
    7. 39. Monica Stănescu, Procedia. (2013). “Planning physical education – from theory to practice”. Social and Behavioral Sciences, Elsevier. 76.PP: 790 – 794.
    8. 40. Patrick, Walshb; Seungbum, Leea .(2011). “SWOTand AHP hybrid model for sport marketing outsourcing using a case of intercollegiate sport”.Sport Management Review,14(2011),pp:361-369.

    41.Shibli, S; Bingham, J .(2008). “A Forecast Of The Performance Of China In The Beijing Olympic Games 2008”.The Underlying Performance Management Issues, Managing Leisure, 4 (13),pp: 272–292.

    1. 42. Sport England .(2016-2021).Towards an active nation strategy. sportengland.org/activenation
    2. 43. Strategic Plan. rowingcanada_strategicplan_r3.pdf. (2013-2016). www.rowingcanada.org.
    3. 44. Volleyball Canada – Strategic Plan .( 2013-2016). Version 12 - June 26– Approved by Strategic Planning Committee .WWW.pch.gc.ca.

    1.Feghhi Farahmand, Naser.(2005). Organization Strategic Management. Tehran, Publication Forozesh. p. ‎‎19.(In Persian).‎

    2.Muzaffari, Amir Ahmad ., Elahi, Alireza .(2009). "Comprehensive system for the development of ‎‎championship sports of the Islamic Republic of Iran". Research project of the Institute of Physical ‎‎Education and Sports Sciences, pp. 64-50‎.(In Persian).‎    

    1. Elahi, Alireza ., Pour-Aghaei Ardakan, Zahra .(2004). "Study of the condition of the country's football ‎‎stadiums in comparison with European standards". Journal of Movement Research Sciences. No. 19. pp. ‎‎61-78. ‎‎(In Persian).‎

    ‎4. Journal of the world of economics. No. 3232. Economists Club.‎

    ‎ http://www.philosociology.ir. ( In Persian).    ‎

    ‎5.Pierce and Robinson. (2001). "Strategic planning and management". (Sohrab Khalili Shourini, translator). ‎Publication Book Memorial .pp. 19-20. ‎(In Persian).‎‎‏‎(In Persian).‎

    ‏‎6. Hosseini, Seyed Amir (2009). "Sports of Public Diplomacy". Aftab Generation Cultural, Artistic, Sports ‎Institute. Http://naslaftab.com. (In Persian).‎

    ‏‎7. Hosseini, Seyed Shaho; Hamidi, Mehrzad; Ghorbanian Rajabi, Asieh; Sajjadi, Seyed Nasrollah (2013). ‎‎"Identification of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to find talent in the championship sport ‎of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the bottlenecks and challenges facing it". Journal of Sports ‎Management, No. 17, Summer 2013, pp. 54-29.(In Persian).‎

    ‏‎8. Khosravi Zadeh, Esfandiar ; Mehrzad, Hamidi; Jahangir ,Yadolahi; Khabiri, Mohammad(2012).‎‎"Developing Strategies and Determining the Strategic Position of the National Olympic Committee of the ‎Islamic Republic of Iran". Bi-Quarterly Journal of Sports Management and Development. Autumn and ‎Winter. No. 1, pp. 11-25.(In Persian).‎

    ‏‎9. Rasekh, Nazanin. (2012). "Designing and compiling a strategic plan for the development of women's ‎championship sports". Phd. Thesis , University of Tehran. pp. 52-50. ‎(In Persian).‎‎

    ‏‎10. Rasekh, Nazanin; Javadipour, Mohammad; Shaqli, Reyhaneh. (2016).Strategic Plannig for Institute of ‎Physical Education and Sports Science‎(In Persian).‎.‏.‏‎ Publication of Sprt Management.No.36.(2016).pp.17-42.‎‏

    ‎11. Ravand, Mustafa (2016). "Professional human resources: the key to excellence in the performance of ‎Iranian government organizations." Quarterly Journal of Human Resources Management Research of ‎Imam Hossein (AS) Comprehensive Knowledge, Year 8, No. 7 (Serial Number 25, Fall 2016, pp. 157-135. ‎(In Persian).‎‎

    ‎12. Razavi, Mohammad Hussein; Khosh Chehreh, Mohommad;Asadi Hasan;Kazemneghd Anoshiravan. ‎‎(2004). "Privatization in Sports with Emphasis on Championship Sports". Olympic Quarterly, Twelfth Year, ‎No. 4 (28 consecutive), pp. 19-31. ‎(In Persian).‎‎

    ‏‎13.Raisi Kia, Sadegh (2014). "Resistance Economics in Sport". Www.raesikia.com‎(In Persian).‎.‎

    ‏‎14. Saif Panahi Shabani, Jabbar. (2011). "Designing and formulating a strategy for the development of ‎championship sports in Kurdistan province". Quarterly Journal of Sports Management, No. 8, pp. 73-57‎(In Persian).‎‎

    ‎15. Ameri, Mir Hassan; jmei, Fatemeh. (2014).  Explaining the effective factors in people's tendency to ‎public sports and championships on emphasizing the role of mass media from the perspective of physical ‎education experts. ‎(In Persian).‎‏.‏Publication of Applied sports research in management.third year.No.1.pp.61-72.‎

    ‎16. Abdolmaleki, Hossein; Mirzazadeh, Zahrasadat; Alidoost Fahfarkhi, Ebrahim (2014). "Study and ‎prioritization of factors affecting the establishment of knowledge management system in the Ministry of ‎Sports and Youth." Studies of the basics of management in sports. First year, No. 4, winter, pp. 89-98. ‎(In Persian).‎‎

    ‏‎17.Askari, Bahman (2015). "Study of the effect of hosting score on the performance of host countries". ‎Sports Management Studies. No. 30, August 2015, pp. 105-120. ‎(In Persian).‎‎

    ‎18. Farahani Abolfazl ; Abdavi Baqtani Fatemeh.(2004).Facilities and equipment of sports bases in the ‎development of sports in the country.Journal of Movement.No.29., pp.69-83. ‎(In Persian).‎‎

    ‎19. Qasemi, Hamid; Tojari, Farshad; Kashkar, Sara. (2010). "Media Activities in Sports". Bamdad Ketab ‎Publications, Tehran. Third Edition, p. 25. ‎(In Persian).‎‎

    ‏‎20.Kupaei Jafari; Akbar Nazari; Hamidi, Mehrzad. (2015). "Development of a strategic plan for the ‎development of intra-school sports olympiads in Isfahan province. International Conference on New ‎Research Findings in Sports Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University.‎

    ‎21.Lamir, Amin Rashid; Amin Dehghan Lamir(2013). "Development of a strategic plan of the General ‎Directorate of Sports and Youth of Khorasan Razavi Province in the field of sports and physical education". ‎Journal of Sports Management, Volume 5, Number 4,. pp.179- 198. ‎(In Persian).‎‎

    ‏‎22. Mahmoudi, Somayeh; Khosravi Zadeh, Esfandiar; Bararzadeh, Ali. (2015). "Development of strategic ‎plans of the volleyball board of Markazi province". International Conference on New Research Findings in ‎Sports Science, Shahid Beheshti University. ‎(In Persian).‎‎

    ‎23. Mozaffari, Amira Ahmad; Elahi Alireza.(2012). "Development Strategies Iranian Championship Sports ‎System ". Journal of Sports Management Studies of the Institute of Physical Education, No. 13, pp.33- 48. ‎(In Persian).‎‎‏

    ‏‎24. Deputy Minister of Education of the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education. (2008). ‎‎"Introduction to process orientation and process management in the organization." pp.2- 9. ‎(In Persian).‎‎

    ‏‎25.Moghaddasi, Alireza (1389). "Application of Strategic and Operational Planning in Industry and ‎Entrepreneurship Organization". Journal of Entrepreneurship, No. 59, pp. 15-33.‎

    ‏‎26. Mehrdad Hormoz.(2001). Introduction to theories and concepts of cultural relationship between ‎sports.Phd. Thesis. University of Tehran.p.56. ‎(In Persian).‎‎

    ‎27. Nasirzadeh, Ghulam (1990). "Privatization of state-owned companies". Kamal Research and Cultural ‎Institute, No. 63, pp. 43-56. ‎(In Persian).‎‎

    ‏‎28. Nazari Rasol; Yaghmaee Leyla; Sohrabi Zahra.(2016).Strategic Land Management of Isfahan Sports ‎Department". Sports Management. Volume 8, Number 5, pp665-. 680. ‎(In Persian).‎‎

    ‏‎29. Ministry of Sports and Youth. Talent Search Office. (2016). Msy.gov.irm‎

    ‏‎30. Ministry of Sports and Youth. Deputy for the development of championship and professional sports. ‎‎(2016). Msy.gov.irm. ‎(In Persian).‎‎

    ‎31. Honary, Habib; Ahmadi, Seyed Abdul Hamid; Moradi, Mehdi. (2012). "Study of the four roles of sports ‎media in the development of championship sports culture". Journal of Sports Management Studies, No. 15, ‎‎. pp. 145-158. ‎(In Persian).‎‎

    ‏‎32.Hangerji, David; Violin, Thomas L. (2007). "Fundamentals of Strategic Management" (Seyed Mohammad ‎Arabi and Davood Izadi, translators). Third edition. Tehran: Cultural Research Office, pp. 23-25. ‎‎‎

    1. 33. Australian Sports Diplomacy Strategy .(2015-18).More information www.dfat.gov.au/sportsdiplomacy.
    2. 34. Canada’s National Sport Governing Body for Track & Field, Road Running and Cross Country, Strategic Plan .(2013 – 2020).Strategic Plan March 2016.pdf. ‎
    3. 35. Cleave, S;Doherty, A. (2005). “Understanding volunteer and nonvolunteer constraints: a mixed-method approach”. Eleventh Canadian Congress on Leisure Research. pp: 17-20.
    4. 36. De Bosscher, V.; De Knop, P; Van Bottenburg, M; Shibli, S; Bingham, J. (2009). “Explaining international sporting success”. European Sport Management,7.pp: 175-210. ‎
    5. 37. Loup, and et al .(2005) .”Strategic and performance management of olympic sport organizations”.Human kinetics.first edition. pp:146-151.
    6. 38. Manuel Pedro Rodríguez Bolívar. (2010). “Implementing the balanced scorecard in public sector agencies”: An experience in municipal sport services.. Copyright 2010 . http://revistaacademia.cladea.org. 45, 2010,pp: 116-139
    7. 39. Monica Stănescu, Procedia. (2013). “Planning physical education – from theory to practice”. Social and Behavioral Sciences, Elsevier. 76.PP: 790 – 794.
    8. 40. Patrick, Walshb; Seungbum, Leea .(2011). “SWOTand AHP hybrid model for sport marketing outsourcing using a case of intercollegiate sport”.Sport Management Review,14(2011),pp:361-369.

    41.Shibli, S; Bingham, J .(2008). “A Forecast Of The Performance Of China In The Beijing Olympic Games 2008”.The Underlying Performance Management Issues, Managing Leisure, 4 (13),pp: 272–292.

    1. 42. Sport England .(2016-2021).Towards an active nation strategy. sportengland.org/activenation
    2. 43. Strategic Plan. rowingcanada_strategicplan_r3.pdf. (2013-2016). www.rowingcanada.org.
    3. 44. Volleyball Canada – Strategic Plan .( 2013-2016). Version 12 - June 26– Approved by Strategic Planning Committee .WWW.pch.gc.ca.