نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت ورزشی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران

2 استادیار مدیریت ورزشی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران

3 استادیار دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران

4 استاد ارتباطات دانشگاه اِی اند ام تگزاس، تگزاس، آمریکا

چکیده

 
هدف از پژوهش حاضر شناسایی و اولویت‌بندی عوامل مؤثر بر بحران هواداری در لیگ برتر فوتبال ایران براساس مدل سه‌شاخگی بود. این پژوهش از نوع آمیخته بود که در دو مرحلة کیفی و کمی انجام گرفت. در بخش کیفی برای انجام مصاحبه‌های عمیق، از روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند استفاده شد. پس از انجام 21 مصاحبه با متخصصان، داده‌ها براساس رویکرد تحلیل محتوای کیفی کدگذاری شد. در بخش کمی، 10 نفر از خبرگان براساس نمونه‌گیری قضاوتی انتخاب شدند و داده‌ها به روش تحلیل سلسله‌مراتبی رتبه‌بندی شد. براساس نتایج پژوهش، 18 عامل شناسایی‌شدۀ مؤثر بر بحران هواداری در سه شاخۀ محتوایی، ساختاری و زمینه‌ای قرار گرفتند. عوامل شاخة محتوایی به‌ترتیب اولویت عبارت بودند از: وضعیت داوری، فساد در فوتبال، کجرفتاری هواداران، مدیریت ارتباطات، قومیت‌گرایی و نژادپرستی، ویژگی‌های روان‌شناختی، رفتارهای غیرحرفه‌ای ذی‌نفعان و ترکیب جمعیتی؛ عوامل شاخۀ ساختاری به‌ترتیب اولویت عبارت بودند از: مدیریت ایمنی و امنیت استادیوم، زیرساخت عمومی و زیرساخت اورژانسی-پزشکی؛ عوامل شاخة زمینه‌ای نیز به‌ترتیب عبارت بودند از: عوامل فرهنگی-اجتماعی، کارکرد رسانه، عملکرد شورای تأمین، قوانین انضباطی، شرایط تیم و رقابت، عوامل سیاسی-اقتصادی و شرایط جوی. بنابراین به مدیران و مسئولان برگزاری مسابقات و باشگاه‌ها پیشنهاد می‌شود که با آگاهی از عوامل شناسایی‌شده در جهت مدیریت مؤثرتر بحران هواداری گام بردارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identifying and prioritizing factors affecting the fan crisis in the Iranian Football Premier League based on the three-point model

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nasrin Biglari 1
  • Seyed Reza Hosseininia 2
  • Hadi Bagheri 3
  • William Timothy Coombs 4

1 PhD Student in Sport Management, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran

2 Assistant Professor of Sport Management, Sanati Shahrood University, Shahrood, Iran

3 Assistant Professor of Sport Management, Sanati Shahrood University, Shahrood, Iran

4 Professor Communication Texas A&M University, Texas, USA

چکیده [English]

The purpose of the present study was to identify and prioritize factors affecting the fan crisis in the Iranian Football Premier League. This study was a mix-method research work that was executed in the qualitative and quantitative steps. In the qualitative section, for in-depth interviews, targeted sampling method was used. After 21 interviews with experts, the data were coding based on the qualitative content analysis approach. In the quantitative section, 10 experts were selected based on judgmental sampling and the data were ranked by hierarchy analysis method. Based on the results of study, 18 identified factors affecting the fan crisis were placed in three branches, Content, Structure, and Context. Content branch factors in order of priority were: situation refereeing, corruption in football, fanatical behavior, communication management, ethnicity and racism, psychological characteristics, unprofessional behavior of stakeholders and demographic composition; Structural branch factors in order of priority were: competition management, safety, security, stadium health, public infrastructure, emergency-medical infrastructure; Context branch factors in order of priority were: cultural-social, media function, performance of the Security Council, disciplinary rules, team conditions and competition Political-economic and weather conditions. Therefore, suggested to the managers and officials of competitions and clubs to be aware of the identified factors in order to manage the crisis of advocacy more effectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fan Crisis
  • Qualitative Content Analysis Approach
  • Context
  • Structure
  • Content
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