Introduction: This study aimed to structurally analyze the factors influencing the long-term development of athletes in Iraq using structural equation modeling (SEM).

Methods: This applied study employed a descriptive-survey design of an analytical nature. The participants consisted of grassroots to professional-level coaches, elite athletes, sport administrators and experts, and university faculty members in physical education and sport sciences in Iraq. Using purposive sampling, 187 individuals were selected as a sample. The research instrument was a researcher-developed questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 24 and SmartPLS 3.

Results: Structural model analysis showed that Active Start and Sport Motivation significantly influenced Fundamental Sport. Fundamental Sport significantly predicted Practice for Practice, Practice for Competition and Educational Sport. Practice for Practice and Practice for Competition also significantly influenced Educational Sport. Educational Sport significantly affected Sustainable Development, which in turn had a significant impact on Competitive Sport, Professional Sport, and Performance Evaluation. Competitive Sport significantly influenced Athlete Support and Development and Performance Evaluation, while Professional Sport had significant effects on both Athlete Support and Development and Performance Evaluation. Moreover, Athlete Support and Development significantly predicted Long-Term Athlete Development, which itself significantly influenced Sports for All and Performance Evaluation.

Conclusion: The findings indicate that long-term athlete development is a multi-stage, structured process rooted in motivational, educational, technical, and systemic linkages. Therefore, strengthening the initial stages through precise policymaking, comprehensive support, and continuous evaluation can lead to sustained success at competitive and professional levels, ultimately promoting public health through sports for all.