Sport Management Journal

Designing the Communicational Model of Organizational Resources and Revenue in Iran Professional Football Clubs

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

mostafa soltani 1
Gholam Ali Kargar 2

1 Assistant Professor of Sport Management, Faculty of Social Sciences, Raja University, Qazvin, Iran

2 Associate Professor of Sport Management, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i university, Tehran, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22059/jsm.2018.238987.1908
Abstract
The aim of this study was to design the communicational model of organizational resources and revenue in Iran professional football clubs. The present study was applied in terms of objectives and descriptive-correlation in terms of data collection. The statistical population consisted of all football elites and experts. The statistical sample consisted of 100 football experts and university professors in sport management. The organizational resources and revenue of sport clubs questionnaire was used to collect data. This questionnaire consisted of two main parts: the organizational resource including 29 items and revenue including 20 items. The reliability of the questionnaire was verified using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the composite reliability and its validity were verified using content, convergent and divergent validity. Structural equation modeling and PLS software were used to evaluate the model. The results showed that organizational resources had a significant effect on the revenue of Iran professional football clubs. The results also showed that variables such as financial resources, infrastructure, human resources, intellectual properties and communication and information resources respectively had the greatest effects on club revenue. So, it is recommended that football clubs should identify and develop various organizational resources in order to generate revenue.
 

Keywords

football
Iran
organizational resources
professional club
revenue 
  1. 1.       Salimi, M., Soltan Hosseini, M., & Nadarian Jahromi, M. (2015). "Evaluating Barriers to the Development of Sport Marketing in Iran". Sport Management Studies, 29, pp: 13 - 36. [in persian].
    2.       Aghazadeh, H., Steery, M,. & Mohammadi, A. (1999). “Investigating the intra-organizational barriers of Iranian sport institutes”. Harakat Journal, Issue 36, pp: 129-150. [in persian].
    3.       Eidy, H., & Yousefi, B. (2014). "Investigating the Income Resources of World Football and comparing it with club football in Iran". Iranian Journal of  Marketing, 5, pp: 1-17. [in persian].
    4.       Elahi, A; Sajjadi, N; Khabiri, M;& Abrishami, H. (2009). "Barriers to the Development of Attracting Financial Support Income in the Football Industry of the Islamic Republic of Iran". Journal of Sport Management, 1, pp: 189-202. [in persian].
    1. Naghdi, Y., Kaghazian S., & Afsharpi, A.(2013). "Analysis of Economic Factors Affecting of Football Clubs Income”.Development Economics and Planning Quarterly, 1, pp: 21-43. [in persian].
    2. Morgan, S. (2007). "Effect of Marketing-Manufacturing Integration on New Product Development Time and Competitive". Journal of Operations Management, 25, p: 203-217.
    3. Stephan M. L., & Hinterhuber, A (2013). "Pricing orientation, pricing capabilities, and firm performance". journal of  Management Decision, Vol. 51, p: 154 – 167.
    4. Chakravorti, B. (2010). "Finding competitive advantagein adversity". Harvard Business Review, november, p: 102-108.
    5. Grant, R. M. (2005). "The Resource-Based View of Competitive Advantage: Implication for Strategy Formulation". California Management Journal, 33, p: 114-134.
    6. Barney, J. B. (1999). "Gaining and sustaining Competitive Advantage". Adison-Wesley, Reading, MA, p: 21-27.
    7. Adebayo, A., De Castro, R., & Gimenez, G. (2012). "Measuring Competitive Factors: A perspective of Spanish manufacturing firms". 6th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Industrial Management, July 18-20, P: 348- 355.
    8. Bar-Eli, M., Galily, Y., & Israeli, A. (2008). "Gaining and sustaining competitive advantage on the strategic similarities between Maccabi Tel Aviv BC and FC Bayern Munchen". European journal for sport and society, 5 (1), p: 73 – 94.
    9. Anderson, K.S., & Birrer, G. E. (2011). "Creating sustainable competitive advantage: A resource – based analysis of Gonzaga University men,s basketball program". Journal of Sport Administration & Supervision, 3 (1), p: 10 – 21.
    10. Othman, R., Arshad, R., Aris, N. A., & Arif, S. M. M. (2015). "Organizational Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage of Cooperative Organizations in Malaysia". Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 170, p: 120-127.
    11. Neirotti, P., & Raguseo, E. (2017). "On the contingent value of IT-based capabilities for the competitive advantage of SMEs: Mechanisms and empirical evidence". Information & Management, 54(2), p: 139-153.
    12. Gunasekaran, A., Subramanian, N., & Papadopoulos, T. (2017). "Information technology for competitive advantage within logistics and supply chains". Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 99, p: 14-33.
    13. Torabi, T; Ghorbani, M; & Bagheri, M. (2015). "New Methods of Financing Football Clubs in Developed Countries and their Comparative Study with Developing Countries". Journal of Investment Knowledge, Fourth Year, 13, pp: 217-231. [in persian].
    14. Keshock, M.(2004). "The effect of economic impact information on the attitudes of potential sports sponsors operating in mid-size and small college communities". doctoral degree dissertation, department of sport Management, Recreation Management and Physical Education, Florida State University, P: 82 - 86.
    15. Hudsond, W., & Boewadtj, M (2003). "Sport and adventure tourism". Binghamton, NY: the howrth press, New York, 7, p: 103-150.
    16. Deloitte analysis (2017). "Football money leagu, Sport Business Group". Planet football, www.deloitte.com/drt/Press – release. P: 1 – 25.
    17. Marsh, H. W (1988). "Goodness of fit indices in confirmatory factor analysis: The effect of sample size". Psychological Bullerin, 103, p: 391-410.
    18. Chin, W. (1998). "The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling". Modern methods for business research, 2, p: 295 – 336.
    19. Tenenhaus, M., Vincenzo, E., Chatelin,Y, M., & Lauro, C. (2005). "PLS path modeling". Computational Statistics & Data analysis, 48, p: 159 – 205.
    20. Şener, İ., & Karapolatgil, A. A. (2015). "Rules of the Game: Strategy in Football Industry". Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 207, p: 10-19.
    21. Dima, T. (2015). "The Business Model of European Football Club Competitions".   Procedia Economics and Finance, 23, p: 1245-1252.
    22. Wakefield, K. L., Blodgett, J.G., & Sloane, H. J.(1996). "Measurement and management or the sportscape". Journal of Sport Management, p: 15 – 31.
    23. Aminuddin, Y., & Lee, H. S. (2008). "Spectator perceptions of physical facility and Team Quality: A study of a Malaysian super league Soccer match". Research Journal of International Studies ,Issue 8,P:132-140.
    24. Roşca, V (2014). "Web interfaces for e-CRM in sports: Evidence from Romanian Football". Management & Marketing, Challenges for the Knowledge Society, 9(1), P: 115 – 128.
    25. Sheranne, S., & Tyler, D. (2012). "Lessons for sponsor activation andevent management". Sport Management Review, p: 25 - 32.
    26. Ma, H (1999). "Anatomy of Competitive Advantage". A select framework, Management Decision, Vol 37, p: 709 – 718.
    27. Attaran, J., Divandari, A., & Adinev, H. (2012). "Identifying Effective Factors Strengthening the Banking Market in Mellat Bank Based on Source-Based Perspective". Journal of Business Management, Volume 4, 12, pp: 91-112. [in persian].
    28. Mnzava, B. (2012). "Financial plight in English premiership football: An impact of recent global recession". University of Leeds Pecvnia Monográfico, p: 179-191.
    29. Samagaio, A., & Eduardo, C. (2007). "Sporting, financial and stock market performance in English football: an empirical analysis of structural". Journal of Sports Economics, p: 7-12.
    30. William, F. C.,Victoria, L. C., & Allison, P. (2015). "Trade secrets: Managerial guidance for competitive advantage". Business Horizons, 58, p: 607- 613.
    12.    Shariati, A.H., Yazdani, B.,&Haghighat, F. (2005). "The Effect of Human Resource Management on Profitability in Isfahan Hotels". Tourism Management Studies, Volume 3, 10, pp: 79 - 104. [in persian].
    13.    Taherpour, H., Rahnemood, F., & Haji, M. (2011). "Identifying Effective Factors on Successful Implementation of Organization Resource Planning System in Government agencies". Development Management Process, 76, pp: 5 - 22. [in persian].
    18.    Faghri, J., Karimi, M., & Heydari, S. (2006). "Hospital Information Management and Organizational Resource Design". Health Information Management, 2, pp: 113-123. [in persian].
    20.    Ghiyami Rad, A.,& Moharramzadeh, M. (2007). "A Comparative Comparison of Karate Federation of Iran and Japan  in Monetization Methods". Research in Sport Science, Issue 17, pp: 89-100. [in persian].
    25.    Soltani, M., Kargar, Gh., Keshkar, S., & Ghafouri, F.(2017). "Explanatory Model of the Effect of Organizational Resources and Competitive Advantage on Profitability of Iranian Professional Football Clubs". Doctoral dissertation on sport management, Allameh Tabatabai University, pp: 180-186. [in persian].
    27.    Habibpour, K; & Safari Shali, R. (2012). "Comprehensive Guide to Using SPSS in Survey Research". Tehran, Loyeh Publishing, Fifth Edition, p: 401. [in persian].
    32.    Ghafari, M., Sarokhanian, A., & Imam Saffari, K. (2012). "Football Perspective", Official Journal of the Iranian Premier League Organization, 2(18), pp: 270 - 282. [in persian].
    33.    Goodarzi, M., Khabiri, M.,& Nazemi, A. (2013). "The Relationship between the Physical Environment Characteristics of the Stadium and the Re-Presence of Spectators". Proceedings of the Second International Congress of Science and Football, National Football Academy of Iran, pp: 1-3. [in persian].
Sport Management Journal
Volume 11, Issue 4
Autumn 2019
Pages 665-684

  • Receive Date 23 August 2017
  • Revise Date 29 January 2020
  • Accept Date 18 February 2018

Home

Guide for Authors

Submit Manuscript

Reviewers

Contact Us