Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 M.Sc. Physical Education, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Physical Education, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Educational Sciences and Psychology Faculty, Sistan and Baluchestan University, Zahedan, Iran
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the power resource of
coaches and athletes' team cohesion from the viewpoints of male and female
coaches and athletes in South Khorasan province. The method of this study
was descriptive which was conducted as a field study. The statistical
population consisted of all coaches (N=120) and athletes (N=800) in four
team sports. Based on Morgan table, 92 coaches and 260 athletes were
selected as the sample by simple random sampling method. The data were
collected by two questionnaires: Power in Sport Questionnaire (PSQ) and
Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ). Validity of the questionnaires
was confirmed by professors of sport management and their reliability was
determined using the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient as 0.78-0.79 and 0.81
respectively. Considering the results of Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, nonparametric
methods of U-Mann Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis test were used
(P≤0.05). Results showed that from the viewpoints of both groups, expert
power was the first priority and coercing power was the last priority in
power resources of the coaches. Priorities of team cohesion of athletes (men
and women) were attraction to group-task, group integration-task, attraction
to group-social and group integration-social respectively. There was a
significant difference between the viewpoints of male and female coaches in
reward power, coercing power and legal power while there was no
significant difference between males and females' viewpoints in expert
power and referent power. It is recommended that coaches should use more
expert power to achieve higher team cohesion as this is the expert power
which is used by coaches and approved by athletes more than other power
resources.
Keywords
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