Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Professor, Business Management Department, Faculty of Management & Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2 Ph.D. Candidate Decision Making and Policy Making, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Social marketing is defined as applying marketing tools to achieve
desired social targets. In other words, social marketing is the usage of
commercial methods to increase a target group's ability to admit a belief or
an action. In this article, the effect of sport clubs reputation and name on an
improvement and a change in their fans' behavior was studied. Using SEM
method, the results demonstrated that the two organizational characteristics
including general reputation and perceived responsibility as well as the two
social responsibility characteristics including perceived effort and perceived
influence were independent variables influencing environmental reputation.
Also, the results presented that environmental reputation had a significant
effect on professional environmental behavior of fans including permanent
improvement in behavior and an improvement of their behavior in each
match. Furthermore, according to the current results, the more sport clubs try
to increase their environmental and social reputation, the more effective
tools they are to improve social behavior.
Keywords
- رضایی، حسین. محمد شفیعی، مجید. (1388). "بررسی اعصار بازاریابی با رویکردی نوین به اخلاقیات بازاریابی". مجلۀ بررسیهای بازرگانی، شمارۀ 34، صص: 19-27.
- روستا، احمد. ونوس، داور. ابراهیمی، عبدالحمید. (1385). "مدیریت بازاریابی". چاپ دهم، انتشارات سمت، تهران. ص: 14.
- Alexandar, L., Eavey, L., O’Brien, K., Buendia, M. T. (2011). "Sports teams and social impact: An analysis of recent developments and best practices". An MBA Project for Eagles Youth Partnership, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. PP: 1-21.
- Babiak, K., Wolfe, R. (2009). "Determinants of corporate social responsibility in professional sport: Internal and external factors".Journal of Sport Management, 23, PP: 717–742.
- Becker-Olsen, K. L., Cudmore, A., Hill, R. P. (2006). "The impact of perceived corporate social responsibility on consumer behavior".Journal of Business Research, 59, PP: 46–53.
- Binney, W., Brennan, L. (2011). "Introduction to special section on non-profit and social marketing". Australasian Marketing Journal, 19, PP: 41–42.
- Brown, T., Dacin, P. (1997). "The company and the product: Corporate associations and consumer product responses". Journal of Marketing, 61(1), PP: 68–84.
- Chalip, L. (2006). "Toward a distinctive sport management discipline". Journal of Sport Management, 20, PP: 1–21.
- Diehl, D. (2007)." The sports philanthropy project". The Robert Wood Johnson Anthology, 11, PP: 1–15.
- Du, S., Bhattacharya, C. B., Sen, S. (2009). "Strengthening consumer relationships through corporate social responsibility". Master Dissertation, Simmons College School of Management, PP: 116-138.
- Du, S., Bhattacharya, C. B., Sen, S. (2010). "Maximizing business returns to corporate social responsibility (CSR): The role of CSR communication". International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(1), PP: 8–19.
- Du, S., Sen, S., Bhattacharya, C. B. (2008). "Exploring the social and business returns of a corporate oral health initiative aimed at disadvantaged Hispanic families". Journal of Consumer Research, 35, PP: 483–494.
- Ellen, P. S., Mohr, L. A., Webb, D. J. (2000). "Charitable programs and the retailer: Do they mix?" Journal of Retailing, 76(3), PP: 393–406.
- Fink, J. S., Cunningham, G. B., Kensicki, L. J. (2004). "Utilizing athletes as endorsers to sell women’s sports: Attractiveness versus expertise". Journal of Sport Management, 18(4), PP: 350–367.
- Goldberg, M., Hartwick, J. (1990). "The effects of advertiser reputation and extremity of advertising claim on advertising effectiveness". Journal of Consumer Research, 17(2), PP: 172–179.
- Goldsmith, R., Lafferty, B., Newell, S. (2000). "The impact of corporate credibility and celebrity credibility on consumer reaction to advertisements and brands". Journal of Advertising, 29(3), PP: 43–54.
- Haley, E. (1996). "Exploring the construct of organization assource: Consumers’ understanding of organizational sponsorship of advocacy advertising". Journal of Advertising, 25(2), PP: 19–35.
- Hunt, S., Vitell, S. J. (2006). "The general theory of marketing ethics: A revision and three questions". Journal of Macromarketing, 26(2), PP: 1-11.
- Inoue, Y., Kent, A. (2010). "Sport teams as promoters of pro-environmental behavior: An empirical study". Journal of Sport Management, in press. 23(2), PP: 91-112.
- Irwin, C. C., Irwin, R. L., Miller, M. E., Somes, G. W., Richey, P. A. (2010). "Get fit with the grizzlies: A community-school-home initiative to fight childhood obesity". Journal of School Health, 80, PP: 333–339.
- Kaufman, P., Wolff, E. A. (2010). "Playing and protecting: Sport as a vehicle for social change". Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 34(2), PP: 154–175.
- Keller, K. L., Aaker, D. A. (1998). "The impact of corporate marketing on a company’s brand extensions". Corporate Reputation Review, 1, PP: 356–378.
- Kelman, H. C. (1958). "Compliance, identification, and internalization: Three processes of attitude change". The Journal of Conflict Resolution, 2(1), PP: 51–60.
- Lafferty, B., Goldsmith, R. E., Hult, G. T. M. (2004). "The impact of the alliance on the partners: A look at cause-brand alliance". Psychology & Marketing, 21(7), PP: 509– 531.
- Lichtenstein, D. R., Drumwright, M. E., Braig, B. M. (2004). "The effect of corporate social responsibility on customer donations to corporate-supported nonprofits". Journal of Marketing, 68, PP: 16–32.
- MacKenzie, S. B., Lutz, R. J. (1989). "An empirical examination of the structural antecedents of attitude toward the ad in an advertising pretesting context". Journal of Marketing, 53, PP: 48–65.
- Maddux, J., Rogers, R. (1980). "Effects of source expertness, physical attractiveness, and supporting arguments on persuasion: A case of brains over beauty". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(2), PP: 235–244.
- McGuire, W. J. (1985)." Attitudes and attitude change". Random House: New York. PP: 233–346
- Mills, J., Harvey, J. (1972). "Opinion change as a function of when information about the communicator is received and whether he is attractive or expert". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 21(1), PP: 52–55.
- Mohr, L., Bitner, M. (1995). "The role of employee effort in satisfaction wit service transactions". Journal of Business Research, 32(3), PP: 239–252.
- Petty, R. E., Cacioppo, J. T. (1981). "Attitudes and persuasion: Classic and contemporary approaches". Westview Press: Colorado. PP: 1-336.
- Petty, R. E., Wegener, D. (1998). "Attitude change: Multiple roles for persuasion variables". NewYork: McGraw- Hill. PP: 323–389.
- Platow, M. J., Durante, M., Williams, N., Garrett, M., Walshe, J., Cincotta, S. (1999). "The contribution of sport fan social identity to the production of prosocial behavior". Journal of Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 3(2), PP: 161– 169.
- Pornpitakpan, C. (2004). "The persuasiveness of source credibility: A critical review of five decades’ evidence". Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 34(2), PP: 243–281.
- Smith, A. C. T., Westerbeek, H. M. (2007). "Sport as avehicle for deploying corporate social responsibility". Journal of Corporate Citizenship, 25, PP: 43–54.
- Speed, R., Thompson, P. (2000). "Determinants of sports sponsorship response". Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 28(2), PP: 227–238.
- Stern, P. C. (2000). "Toward a coherent theory of environmentally significant behavior". Journal of Social Issues, 56(3), PP: 407–424.
- Walker, M., Kent, A. (2011). "The role of credibility and social consciousness in defining the relationship between CSR and consumer behaviors". Master Dissertation, Temple University. PP: 1-126.
- Yoshida, M., James, J. D. (2010). "Customer satisfaction with game and service experience: Antecedents and consequences". Journal of Sport Management, 24, PP: 338– 361.