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The purpose of this study was to Testing a model of structural relations of information technology-commounication with Organizational Socialization and social capital management in sport organization, which was carried out by a... more
The purpose of this study was to Testing a model of structural relations of information technology-commounication with Organizational Socialization and social capital management in sport organization, which was carried out by a descriptive field method. Whole of the employees of Sport and youth ministry were statistical population. Sample was n=174 of statistical population. In order to data collect information technology-commounication (ITC) questionnaire, organizational socialization questionnaire (OSQ) and social capital questionnaire (SCQ) were used. Descriptive methods were used to analyze the data and in order to determine the effects use of structural equation modeling (SEM) through software of LISREL 8.2. Data analysis of results showed that information technology-commounication was effect on organizational socialization (pc=0.38) also was effect on social capital management (pc=0.34). Organizational socialization was effect on social capital management (pc=0.59. n general, and considering the results of this research and previous studies, it seems that social capital in employees and especially in the present research in sport organizations can have a positive and constructive effect in preventing and even reducing job burnout, and managers of departments and organizations Sport and non-sports must pay particular attention to this, so that they can effectively use the functions of this social phenomenon in order to improve the mental functions of their employees. As a conclusion an optimum level of ITC in sport organization can improve Organizational Socialization and social capital. That is can reduce negative behaviors on sport organizations.
The purpose of this study was to provide an appropriate model for developing the brand equity of the Iranian Football League. Given this purpose, the present research is an exploratory inquiry into the orientation of a fundamental... more
The purpose of this study was to provide an appropriate model for developing the brand equity of the Iranian Football League. Given this purpose, the present research is an exploratory inquiry into the orientation of a fundamental research that uses the strategy of the grounded theory with a classical (emergent) approach. To collect data, 24 in-depth interviews with participants of research conducted. Participants were selected theoretically through a judicious and targeted sampling method. Analysis of data was conducted during three stages of open, selective and theoretical coding. Ultimately the final model of research formed as a triplex model, including institutions, prerequisites and the specialty of branding the league. According to the results of the research, as long as there are major and structural prerequisites, the branding of the Premier League will not be fruitful; The interaction and interaction between the sovereign institutions, the media and the football institutions will determine the extent to which these requirements are met, among which the role of sovereign institutions is very high. Therefore, the organization of the Iranian Football League has been looking to facilitate and fulfill these requirements, in addition to focusing on the branding activities of the league, along with other football institutions, especially the Football Federation. Also, it is imperative for the league organization to prioritize objectives and determine the desirable position for the brand, and to follow a principled and scientific process in branding activities in order to benefit from the desired outcomes of a credible brand.
Due to the importance and role of sponsorship in football revenue sources of and spending huge sums on environmental advertising and advertising on Iranian premier league`s shirts by sponsors, the present study aims to determine how... more
Due to the importance and role of sponsorship in football revenue sources of and spending huge sums on environmental advertising and advertising on Iranian premier league`s shirts by sponsors, the present study aims to determine how significant and effective the visual attention of the audience can be on brand visibility, based on neuroscience and eye tracking techniques. The present study has a practical purpose, and is semi-experimental in nature. The statistical population of the study consisted of 75 individuals selected from football spectators aged 18-60 years, all of whom were male and were tested with an eye tracking device according to the neuroscience protocol. For quantitative analysis, the obtained data were transformed into quantitative data using SPSS 25 software and data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The variance analysis was used to test the hypotheses. The results showed that the intensity of attitudinal and behavioral support and also interest in football influenced the visual attention to the shirt logo. It seems sponsors need to understand the thoughts and conscious and unconscious messages of the audience and align their ads with specific and desired messages of their audiences in order to achieve their goals, i.e., to be seen better, and thus to increase the sales and revenue of their products and services through advertising on the athletes' shirts.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors affecting the development of sports apparel brands. This research was conducted by exploratory mixed method in two parts: qualitative and quantitative. Collection instrument in... more
The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors affecting the development of sports apparel brands. This research was conducted by exploratory mixed method in two parts: qualitative and quantitative. Collection instrument in qualitative were in-depth and semi-structured interviews with experts based on the results of which the questionnaires were prepared and used in the quantitative section. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by seven sports marketing experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained by Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.96. The statistical population consisted of professors and faculty members of physical education colleges and physical education students (masters and PhDs). The sample size was determined based on unlimited community formula and by simple random sampling, questionnaires were distributed among 376 people electronically. Finally, the collected data were analyzed by SPSS 22 and PLS 2 software and the research model was extracted and validated. The results showed that diversity and innovation in production, strategic planning, target market selection, ranking of apparel and design tailored to market demand in vertical development and application of up-to-date technology in product development also have an impact on horizontal development of domestic sports apparel brand. According to the research model, it can be said that the internal factor of the company, the external factor of the company, the factors related to the governing bodies, the legal role and the state support role had the most influence on the development of domestic sports brands.
This study aims to present a place branding model based on macro-approaches of recreation, sport, and tourism projects in Isfahan province. A qualitative method and a systematic Grounded theory are applied on the study. This theory is... more
This study aims to present a place branding model based on macro-approaches of recreation, sport, and tourism projects in Isfahan province. A qualitative method and a systematic Grounded theory are applied on the study. This theory is divided into three open, selective, and axial coding levels. The statistical society consists of all the specialists of this field, including outstanding professors of sport management in the field of tourism, managers and deputies of Sport and Youth Department, and knowledgeable experts. 14 people were selected with snowball sampling method. The study tools and materials are scientific sources, such as articles, authentic books, scientific websites, news websites, and open and in-depth interviews with the selected people. For validity measurement, the study results were presented to the participants. They suggested a model based on these results which was analyzed and applied on the study by the researchers. Finally, this study was read and reviewed by sport management professors who corrected or changed the final model. For reliability analysis, auditing procedures and inter-subjectivity agreement methods are used. 78% reliability was indicated between two coding methods which stands for coding reliability. Eventually, the final model was introduced, including the main framework, causal conditions, strategies, background conditions, interfering factors, and consequences.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between family social support and social support from friends and self-efficacy with the participation of veterans and disabled athletes in Khorasan Razavi province in physical... more
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between family social support and social support from friends and self-efficacy with the participation of veterans and disabled athletes in Khorasan Razavi province in physical activities. This research is descriptive-correlational and the statistical population is veteran and disabled athletes in Khorasan Razavi province in 2017. The sample consisted of 244 veterans and disabled athletes who were selected randomly. To collect data, demographic characteristics questionnaire, Amount Sports Partnership Questionnaire, Self-efficacy questionnaire, Family Social Support Questionnaire and Social Support from friend Questionnaire (Lee, Peterson and Dixon, 2010) was used. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis and Friedman test using by SPSS software version 21. Between self-efficacy and the athlete's participation rate (r =0/201) as well there is a positive and significant correlation between social support of the family and social support of the friends with the participation rate of athletes (r = 0/156) (r = 0/221). But self-efficacy, social support for the family and social support from friends are not significant predictors of the participation of veterans and disabled athletes in physical activity. There is a positive and significant relationship between the participation of veterans and disabled athletes in physical activities with self-efficacy, family social support and social support from friends, also veterans and disabled athletes receive the most support by providing conditions for travel to training and competition venues and encouraging and positive feedback from the family. and they also receive the least support from the family for showing how they are doing right and how to exercise.
The aim of the present study was to model the relationship between environmental factors and ethical marketing and the effects of the latter on the performance of sportswear producers. This study is a descriptive-comparative research... more
The aim of the present study was to model the relationship between environmental factors and ethical marketing and the effects of the latter on the performance of sportswear producers. This study is a descriptive-comparative research conducted through fieldwork and includes two populations. The first population is comprised of the entire domestic producers of sportswear as 200 firms, which all have been selected as research samples. The second population is comprised of the entire consumers of sportswear, however due to the vastness of the population, the Cochran's formula was applied and resultantly 200 individuals were selected as research samples through the availability random sampling method. Questionnaires have been used for the purpose of data collection. To this end, a researcher-made questionnaire comprising 34 questions and 4 dimensions was used for evaluation of environmental factors. In addition another researcher-made questionnaire comprising 18 questions and 4 dimensions was used for evaluation of ethical marketing. Nevertheless, a third researcher-made questionnaire comprising 28 questions and 4 dimensions was used for evaluation of corporate performance. The validities of the former questionnaires have been approved by authentic professors in sport management and marketing. The reliabilities of the former questionnaires were also evaluated using the Cronbach's alpha method. Descriptive and inferential statistics have been incorporated for analysis of data while the Smart-PLS software was used for inspection of causal relationships between the variables. Results show that there exists a positive and statistically significant relationship between organizational and personal factors and, ethical marketing. Results have also shown another positive and statistically significant relationship between ethical marketing and performance in sportswear producing corporations.
The aim of this study was to assess the quality management system in Sport Organization of Tehran Municipality based on ISO 9000 model. The statistical population of the study consisted of all experts of Tehran Municipality Sport... more
The aim of this study was to assess the quality management system in Sport Organization of Tehran Municipality based on ISO 9000 model. The statistical population of the study consisted of all experts of Tehran Municipality Sport Organization (N = 200). 127 subjects were selected as the sample based on the Morgan table. QMS questionnaire derived from the National Standards Authority of Ireland was used to collect data. The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability (α = 0.823). Statistical software of SPSS was used for data analysis. AMOS software was used for the analysis of structural equation modeling. Results showed that all components of the quality management system examined in this study had acceptable factor loading at the significance level of less than 0.05. Also, the most important factors in quality management system according to factor loading values, were the performance evaluation factor (factor loading =0.85) and the nature of organization and processes improvement factor (factor loading=0.80). Therefore, the study suggests appropriate timeline for developing the stages of quality management system to provide services for citizens, establishing appropriate management communication with the staff, periodic evaluation to guarantee the quality of sport services, paying attention to the citizens' sport needs, and trying the evaluation of staff performance.
The aim of this study was to develop a model based on strategic analysis of factors affecting the development of sport participation of veterans, disabled, deaf and blind in Iran. The statistical population consisted of 330 experts in the... more
The aim of this study was to develop a model based on strategic analysis of factors affecting the development of sport participation of veterans, disabled, deaf and blind in Iran. The statistical population consisted of 330 experts in the disabled sport and 220 subjects were selected based on the adequacy of factor analysis sample. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data, and the face and content validity were evaluated and approved by sport management professors (n = 6) and managers (n = 7). Then, Delphi technique consisting of experts based on convenience sampling method (8 subjects) was used to screen and validate different parts of the research. Confirmatory factor analysis test was also used to confirm the construct validity. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed and confirmed by Cronbach's alpha (0.90). Bartlett test was used for sample adequacy and exploratory factor analysis was applied to determine hidden components in the quantitative tool. Statistical methods of data analysis included descriptive statistics, one-sample t test, Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling. According to the findings, personal and family, sport, managerial and environmental factors were those influencing the development of sport for all for the disabled. The research model had a good fit in the structural equation modeling (SEM) test; therefore, the model of the development of sport for all for veterans and the disabled in Iran was approved. It can therefore be argued that personal and family factors determine the attitudes of specific strata; if environmental factors are structurally and culturally capable of developing sport participation for the disabled, more talent identification will occur.
The aim of the present study was to develop a model of the relationship between attitudes toward counterfeit products and brand popularity in product products customers. This study was applied in terms of objectives and correlation in... more
The aim of the present study was to develop a model of the relationship between attitudes toward counterfeit products and brand popularity in product products customers. This study was applied in terms of objectives and correlation in terms of data collection. The statistical population consisted of all the customers of sport products in Tehran city. Given the unknown number of research sample, 10,000 ≤ N was considered. Using Morgan table, 384 sport product customers were selected as the sample through simple random sampling method. Standard questionnaires were used to collect data and measure the variables. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics (frequency distribution tables and graphs) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation and path analysis model) were used to test the research hypotheses. Finally, the results showed that knowing the value, the social effect and the norm of mind had significant positive effects and the price-quality ratio perception, brand loyalty, risk aversion and perceived risk had significant negative effects on the attitude toward counterfeit products. Attitude toward counterfeit products also had a significant positive effect on brand popularity. Also, based on the findings of the study, the effects of personal satisfaction, brand prestige, ethics and brand awareness on attitude toward counterfeit products were not significant. Based on the results of the study, it can be stated that informing the customers about the functional aspects of the main products against the counterfeit products as well as informing advertisements will be effective in introducing the counterfeit products to the individuals and changing their attitude.
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of sport tourism development on employment in Tehran city and to provide an employment model. The research methodology was analytical and applied in terms of objectives and results. The... more
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of sport tourism development on employment in Tehran city and to provide an employment model. The research methodology was analytical and applied in terms of objectives and results. The statistical population included all employment professors and experts who had experience in employment and tourism. According to Morgan table, the sample size was 294 subjects. To qualify for the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Test (KMO), the Bartlett test was used, which was equal to 0.735. The results showed a statistically significant difference between the existing status and the favorable status of sport tourism in Iran (P=0.001, Z=13.785). The results also showed that sport tourism development had a direct, positive and significant effect on direct, seasonal-seasonal, and direct-part-time employment, but this effect was not significant on direct-permanent employment. It is suggested to lay a suitable groundwork such as major sport events and famous exhibitions for sport tourists to develop employment. Tehran as one of the metropolises in the world and Iran has many potentials that can lay the groundwork for employment with an emphasis on sport activities.
The aim of the present study was to develop a model of the effect of brand authenticity and brand equity on spectator loyalty to brand in the volleyball league clubs of Iran (Bank Sarmayeh volleyball club in Tehran). The research method... more
The aim of the present study was to develop a model of the effect of brand authenticity and brand equity on spectator loyalty to brand in the volleyball league clubs of Iran (Bank Sarmayeh volleyball club in Tehran). The research method was descriptive correlation with a structural equation approach and applied in terms of objectives. The statistical population consisted of volleyball premier league (Sarmayeh Bank) spectators in 2017-2018 season (N=1800). The sample size was determined as 317 spectators based on Morgan table who were selected by convenience and purposive sampling methods. Kadirov Brand Authenticity Questionnaire, Acer Brand Equity Questionnaire and Mahoney Spectators Loyalty Questionnaire were used for data collection. To analyze data, Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple linear regression with concurrent method were used. Structural equation modeling with SPSS25 and Amos23 were used to determine the fit of the research model. Based on the results of the research model, it was observed that brand authenticity on brand equity with path coefficient (β=0. 723, P=0.001) and brand equity on spectator loyalty with path coefficient (β=0.891, P=0.001) had significant direct positive effects. It can therefore be said that brand authenticity has a significant positive effect on spectator loyalty through the mediator variable of brand equity.
The aim of this study was to develop a citizenship sport model in Tehran metropolis. This study was fundamental conducted by a qualitative method in two stages. During the first stage, 25 experts had in-depth interviews using grounded... more
The aim of this study was to develop a citizenship sport model in Tehran metropolis. This study was fundamental conducted by a qualitative method in two stages. During the first stage, 25 experts had in-depth interviews using grounded theory. The data were analyzed by Charmaz approach and the primary model was extracted. In the second stage, the model derived from the previous stage was handed out to the Delphi team consisting of 6 sport management experts in 3 phases in order to be checked and confirmed. The results showed that macro policy making, developmental requirements, the role of the organization responsible for citizenship sport, sport city, urban unit management and ultimately the metropolitan environment of Tehran were those factors affecting the citizenship sport. Therefore, it seems that the authorities, policymakers and urban management should understand the real meaning of citizenship sport and identify the factors influencing this type of sport based on the model of this study so that they can lay the groundwork for maximum participation of citizens. Also, they should properly promote culture and media advertising so that they can not only enhance social well-being and cheerfulness, but also strengthen the foundations of urban economy and welfare and turn the Tehran metropolis into a well-known sport city in the region.
The aim of the present study was to develop a model for investment development in Iran sport. This study used a qualitative methodology and the grounded theory. The statistical population included those with management experience in... more
The aim of the present study was to develop a model for investment development in Iran sport. This study used a qualitative methodology and the grounded theory. The statistical population included those with management experience in different levels of Iran sport, sport management professors of Iran universities, and sport economics experts and activists. 15 subjects were selected for interviews by theoretical, purposive and snowball sampling methods. Open, axial and selective coding were used to analyze the data. The results showed that laying the suitable groundwork for sport investors, developing maximum participation of people and different strata, providing sport customers with appropriate services and favorable conditions for the attractiveness of sport were reported to be amongst the causal factors of investment development. Contextual factors also encompassed the quality of sport, active media, and incentives. Intervening factors were, then, found to be public administration, cumbersome laws, political - legal environment, as well as executive infrastructures. Strategies included providing investor profits, marketing development, establishing economic mechanisms and economic stability and power and their consequences, sport for all policy, increasing the number of spectators, maximizing the number of investors, creating economic capacity and indicators and favorable conditions for sport in Iran. The present model is a suitable national framework for studies in this field and may pave the way as an introduction for investing in sport in Iran.
Players are the most important and valuable assets of sports clubs; their contracts cover most of the clubs' budgets. The present study aimed to investigate the role of those factors related to players’ valuation and predict the amount of... more
Players are the most important and valuable assets of sports clubs; their contracts cover most of the clubs' budgets. The present study aimed to investigate the role of those factors related to players’ valuation and predict the amount of their contract. The research method was applied-survey and quantitative; the research sample were selected by census sampling method including 41 players of the Esteghlal Club football team. The data from the research were based on the text mining method of the players' performance data for two seasons. When applying data mining method, neural network algorithms, decision tree and average chi-square clustering algorithm were used for data categorization, data analysis and price prediction. Also, the obtained model was tested by predicting the price again with the data using algorithms made in different models and applying graphs and numerical analysis and the predicted value with the actual value in the Clementine software. According to the results, dive had the highest impact factor and total time played during a season had the lowest impact factor for players’ valuation in the neural network algorithm. Age was the factor with the highest effect on players’ price, and players’ position was had the lowest effect in the decision tree algorithm. Physical activity was also the first factor affecting the price. The difference between predicted values in algorithmic methods and the actual data is probably due to the lack of a scientific approach to determine the value of players' contracts. Decision tree algorithm is recommended when predicting players' prices with the club fixed budget and the neural network is the most appropriate method when the budget is varied.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of strategic orientation and knowledge absorption capacity on innovation capabilities in the employees of Ministry of Sport and Youth with the mediating the role of strategic... more
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of strategic orientation and knowledge absorption capacity on innovation capabilities in the employees of Ministry of Sport and Youth with the mediating the role of strategic flexibility. The research method was descriptive-survey and applied in terms of objectives. The statistical population included all experts of the Ministry of Sport and Youth, and 273 subjects were randomly selected as the sample. For data collection, 4 standard questionnaires: strategic orientation questionnaire by Miles and Snow (1978), knowledge absorption capacity questionnaire by Zahara and George (2002), innovation capability questionnaire by Tsai (2001), and strategic flexibility questionnaire by Shimizu and Hit (2004) were used. After confirming the validity and reliability of the four questionnaires, structural equation modeling (SEM) and path analysis by the LISREL8.70  software were used to analyze data. The results of the structural equation modeling analysis showed that the model had a good fit and all the research paths were approved. The results showed that sport organizations should enhance their innovative capabilities using the collection of valuable information from external sources as well as taking advantage of the reactive ability in the environment in order to properly use the resources, avoid passivity and the ability to compete in the environment.
The aim of this study was to provide a model of marketing tricks to promote the sale of Iranian sport manufacturers which was conducted in three steps. In the first step, effective factors were identified with Delphi method. In the second... more
The aim of this study was to provide a model of marketing tricks to promote the sale of Iranian sport manufacturers which was conducted in three steps. In the first step, effective factors were identified with Delphi method. In the second step, the interpretive structural model (ISM) defined a model. In the third step, partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to validate the model. The statistical population consisted of all customers of Tehran sporting goods stores. The sample size was determined by structural equation method and 214 questionnaires were collected. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the sport marketing professors and the construct validity and convergent validity were verified. Reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. The findings mapped a model at four levels and the significance of its relationships was confirmed. As a result, it can be stated that use of imitation name and appearance is a trick that makes imitation identity, and provides a desired image and perception of the quality of imitation products for customers and can promote sale for Iranian sport manufacturers.
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of the components of toxic leadership style with organizational cynicism in the staff of the Ministry of Sport and Youth with the mediating role of Machiavellianism management. The... more
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of the components of toxic leadership style with organizational cynicism in the staff of the Ministry of Sport and Youth with the mediating role of Machiavellianism management. The research method was descriptive and was in the category of applied research. The statistical population of the study consisted of all the official staff of the Ministry of Sport and Youth (N=335). The sample size of the study included 180 subjects based on Morgan's table. 3 standard questionnaires of Schmidt's Toxic Leadership (2008), the Machiavellian Management Questionnaire by Ruth Klaus (2009) and the Kalagan’s Organizational Cynicism Questionnaire (2009) were used in the study. Content validity of the questionnaires was approved by 6 sport management professors at Razi University. Their reliability was determined as 0.89, 0.87 and 0.88 respectively. Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis model were used to analyze the data using SPSS and Amos software. The results showed that toxic leadership had a positive effect on organizational cynicism, with the impact factor of 0.53. It can also be stated that Machiavellianism management plays a mediating role with the impact factor of 0.32 in the effect of toxic leadership on organizational cynicism. Therefore, managers should try to prevent toxic behaviors as much as possible in their leadership style, because the existence and continuation of these negative behaviors ultimately lead managers to the lack of attention to the organization and its human resources and lay the groundwork for staff’s cynicism in the organization.
The aim of this study was to investigate the architecture of sport facilities managed by Tehran Municipality on the tendency of citizens to sport activities. The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of... more
The aim of this study was to investigate the architecture of sport facilities managed by Tehran Municipality on the tendency of citizens to sport activities. The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the study consisted of athletes in Tehran city. The statistical sample included the customers of the sport complexes in 5 metropolitan areas (1,5,6,8,20) from 22 areas according to their geographic location in the north, south, east, west and center. Random and convenience sampling methods were used to select the sample (n=250). A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect the data; its content and face validity was assessed by 9 sport management and architecture professors and then it was distributed among the subjects. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.76). Also, the PLS algorithm was used to test the research hypotheses. The software output indicated that all the research variables had positive effects on the citizens' tendency to sport facilities managed by the Tehran Municipality. In general, it can be concluded that the architecture and design of sport facilities affect the attraction and tendency of citizens to sport activities. The planners and designers should pay special attention to the architecture of the facilities according to the culture, accessibility and other indices obtained in this study.
The aim of this study was to have a semi-historical look at the chivalry in Iran, that is to say the history of Iran was directly referred to, and its chivalrous approach and educational thinking in sport were achieved. The method of this... more
The aim of this study was to have a semi-historical look at the chivalry in Iran, that is to say the history of Iran was directly referred to, and its chivalrous approach and educational thinking in sport were achieved. The method of this study was qualitative with a historical approach; historical books of Iran were studied in four categories: identifying semantic units, initial codes, open and axial coding; finally the model - the definition of chivalry in Iran was obtained. From the historical perspective in Iran, chivalry is a collection of attributes that is a revelation of the people and a self-image in the context of the glorification of God.
Lifestyle is a distinctive concept in modern societies. This mixed study aimed to analyze the Iranian elite athletes' lifestyle and offer a typology of their lifestyle. In the qualitative phase, 19 experts familiar with Iranian athletes'... more
Lifestyle is a distinctive concept in modern societies. This mixed study aimed to analyze the Iranian elite athletes' lifestyle and offer a typology of their lifestyle. In the qualitative phase, 19 experts familiar with Iranian athletes' lifestyle had unstructured deep interviews; then, lifestyle components were identified using the Glaserian approach of the grounded theory. In the quantitative phase, a questionnaire with 64 items consisting of the codes of lifestyle components was designed and approved by 5 experts. Out of the statistical population (1574 premier league athletes in soccer, futsal, volleyball and basketball), 308 athletes completed the questionnaire by convenience and purposive sampling methods. The model measuring elite athletes’ lifestyle components was tested with confirmatory factor analysis in LISREL8.80 software and was fitted after modification. This model had 10 components: professional thinking, emotional competencies, life vision, financial literacy, responsibility, material consumption, cultural consumption tendencies, leisure, personal issues and religious behaviors. In addition, 5 dominant lifestyles among elite athletes were identified: consumerist, quotidian, beneficent, accountant and professional using cluster analysis in Spss23 software. Characteristics of each lifestyle were discussed by a review of the qualitative and quantitative findings.
Success in sport marketing requires special attention to the quality of the relationship between fans and sport teams. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of self-definitional need elements on brand... more
Success in sport marketing requires special attention to the quality of the relationship between fans and sport teams. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of self-definitional need elements on brand equity in Iran football premier league clubs. The research method was descriptive – correlation, survey and applied. The data were collected by Bhattacharya and Sen (2003) distinction identity, similarity identity, and prestige identity standard questionnaires as well as Yoo and Donthu (2001) brand equity questionnaire. The research population consisted of fans of Iran football premier league popular teams and 200 subjects were randomly selected as the sample. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by viewpoints of sport management and business management experts and their reliability was evaluated by Chronbach alpha. PLS and SPSS18 were used for data analysis. The results showed that all directions were verified (P<0.05). Also, self-definitional needs involving similarity identity, distinction identity, and prestige identity, had positive and significant effects on brand equity of Iran football premier league teams.
The aim of this study was to introduce policies of qualitative development of sport coaches’ education in Golestan province. Mixed research method (qualitative (study and interview) and quantitative (questionnaire) methods) was used in... more
The aim of this study was to introduce policies of qualitative development of sport coaches’ education in Golestan province. Mixed research method (qualitative (study and interview) and quantitative (questionnaire) methods) was used in the study. The identified policies from the studies and interviews were formulated in a 5-point Likert scale. Questionnaires were distributed among the statistical sample (elite sport managers, experts and coaches in Golestan province). The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 7 sport management professors who had a teaching and research career in coaching. The reliability was obtained in a pilot study on 30 subjects from the statistical sample (0.84). Data were analyzed by Friedman test which showed that those factors related to the evaluation of educational effectiveness, educational needs assessment, educational planning, educational implementation and standardization of educational activities were the most important in qualitative education of sport coaches in Golestan province. Then, policies in line with each factor of coaches’ education were identified and prioritized.
The aim of this study was to investigate those factors affecting the development of E-ticketing electronic services in Iran football premier league. This study was descriptive and applied. The statistical population consisted of... more
The aim of this study was to investigate those factors affecting the development of E-ticketing electronic services in Iran football premier league. This study was descriptive and applied. The statistical population consisted of spectators in Esteghlal-Persepolis football match on the 26th October 2016 who attended the stadium to watch the match by E-tickets. Using Morgan table, a sample of 384 subjects was randomly selected. Friedman test was used to prioritize the factors and exploratory factor analysis was used to determine and identify those factors affecting the development of E-ticketing service. The results showed that the identified factors affected the development of E-ticketing. According to these results, the technology acceptance model had the highest effect on E-ticketing service (91%) compared with other variables. The other part of results showed the 75% effect of trust in the club and trust in the technology on the intention to use the E-ticketing service. The effect of the trust building variable on predicting the tendency and intention of using E-ticketing is quite clear and the diffusion of innovation had the lowest effect compared with other variables (64%).
The significant role of sport brands in the modern society provides a unique place for this industry to address social issues and seek benefits for consumers, organizations and bigger society. Therefore, the aim of this study was to... more
The significant role of sport brands in the modern society provides a unique place for this industry to address social issues and seek benefits for consumers, organizations and bigger society. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of corporate social responsibility on the brand preference of Enghlab club from customers’ viewpoints. This study was descriptive-analytical and applied in terms of objectives which was conducted by internet and email. The population included all customers of Tehran Enghelab sport and cultural club. Simple random sampling method was used to select the customers of this club. The data were collected by the standard Corporate Social Responsibility and Brand Preference Questionnaire developed by Matthew Thingchi Liu et al. (2014). Structural equation modeling by partial least squares method and PLS software were used at the significance level of 0.05. The results showed that all three dimensions of corporate social responsibility (i.e. environment, society and stakeholders) had a direct and significant effect on brand preference of Tehran Enghelab cultural sport club. These dimensions also had a significant effect on brand preference of this club with the mediating role of brand perceived quality. Therefore, activities that are part of social responsibility lead to a good image of the club brand and a positive experience among the present and potential customers of that brand and result in their satisfaction from the brand preference.
This study aimed at ranking those faculties participating in the Student Sport Festival of University of Tehran. The present study was descriptive-analytical and a field study. The statistical population consisted of all physical... more
This study aimed at ranking those faculties participating in the Student Sport Festival of University of Tehran. The present study was descriptive-analytical and a field study. The statistical population consisted of all physical education experts of University of Tehran, director and his deputy and staff of physical education department of University of Tehran and some physical education professors of this university (N=30). According to the statistical population, the statistical sample was selected by convenience and census sampling methods. In order to collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire (28 items) was used. The face and content validity of the questionnaire were confirmed by physical education supervisors, advisors and experts and the reliability of the questionnaire was reported by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient as 0.87. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses, Friedman test) were used in SPSS software version 22 and structural equation modeling with AMOS software. Based on the exploratory factor analysis, 6 factors were extracted from the research items: number of medals, total points, quantity and quality of athletes and teams, team and athletes management, support of authorities and spectators of faculties, management of event and competitions. The predictive power of these factors was 80.561 based on the total percentage of factor cumulative variance. According to Friedman test, the most important factors to rank the faculties participating in sport festival were “number of medals”, “quantity and quality of athletes and teams” and “total points”.
This study aimed at identifying and prioritizing mass media factors in political culture development of championship sport from the viewpoints of sport management and media professors, media reporters and athletes. A sample of 125 media... more
This study aimed at identifying and prioritizing mass media factors in political culture development of championship sport from the viewpoints of sport management and media professors, media reporters and athletes. A sample of 125 media and sport management professors, media reporters and national and provincial champions were selected in 2018 by purposive sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data; the validity was confirmed by media and physical education professors. Reliability was also calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α=0.91). The data were analyzed by structural equation modeling, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis of first and second order. The results indicated that three factors related to mass media were cultural, educational and advertising. Meanwhile, items of long-term and strategic thinking, avoidance of daily routine in sport planning, encouraging sponsors to support championship sport and professional qualification of sport media critics occupied the first places in cultural, educational and advertising factors respectively. Based on these findings, mass media should be considered as an important factor in political culture development in championship sport. Furthermore, political culture of championship sport is developed through comprehensive collaboration of scientific, media and sport (championship sport) societies.
The aim of this study was to investigate the dimensions of service quality in Iran football premier league clubs and to provide a suitable model. The research method was descriptive and correlational which was conducted as a field. The... more
The aim of this study was to investigate the dimensions of service quality in Iran football premier league clubs and to provide a suitable model. The research method was descriptive and correlational which was conducted as a field. The statistical population consisted of spectators of Zob-e-Ahan and Sepahan clubs in Iran football premier league and 360 subjects were selected as the sample by random non-probability sampling method. To collect data, the service questionnaire by Cronin and Taylor (1994), Parasuraman et al. (1998), Yoshida and James (2011), Rust et al. entertainment questionnaire (2004), Satun et al. team identity questionnaire (1997), and Kahle and Madrigal comfort questionnaire (2003) were used. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the demographic characteristics and to analyze the data, the structural equation modeling was used by Lisrel software. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression were also used in the inferential statistics. The findings showed a significant relationship between play atmosphere and aesthetic quality, population experience and aesthetic quality, team performance and technical quality, features of players in the opponent team and technical quality, service staff and quality of performance, access to facilities and quality of performance, spectators positions and quality of performance, aesthetic quality and entertainment dimension, technical quality and team identity and finally between quality of performance and the comfort of spectators.
The aim of this study was to develop a model of factors affecting physical activity of visitors to the parks. The research method was survey and applied in terms of objectives. The sample consisted of 370 visitors to Ahvaz parks for... more
The aim of this study was to develop a model of factors affecting physical activity of visitors to the parks. The research method was survey and applied in terms of objectives. The sample consisted of 370 visitors to Ahvaz parks for physical activity who were randomly selected. Data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire in three parts: status of living environment, park structure and psychosocial factors. Its content and construct validity was confirmed by factor analysis and then it was distributed among the statistical population. The data were analyzed by structural equation modeling in PLS software. The results showed that status of living environment, park structure and psychosocial factors had positive and significant effects on Ahvaz citizens’ physical activity, and also park structure and psychosocial factors had a moderating effect on physical activity. Based on these findings, when it is not possible to change the living environment and its related indicators such as proximity and type of access, the effects and difficulties of living environment which are considered as barriers to visiting parks can be eliminated firstly by equipping and enhancing the quality of sport and recreational facilities in the parks and secondly by reinforcing psychosocial factors and therefore increase the tendency to physical activity.
The spatial justice in the distribution of urban public services is an important factor to improve the citizen’s quality of life and the sustainable development of urban environment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate and... more
The spatial justice in the distribution of urban public services is an important factor to improve the citizen’s quality of life and the sustainable development of urban environment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate and analyze the distribution of swimming pools from the viewpoint of spatial justice (case study: Isfahan city). The research method was descriptive - analytical and applied in terms of objectives. The study used all swimming pools in 15 regions of Isfahan city (n=37). The indexes of population, area, number of pools in each region and distribution mode of pools were applied for spatial analysis of Isfahan city swimming pools. Also, Arc GIS environment and their different algorithms were used to perform various calculations and provide the necessary maps. The overall analysis of the status of swimming pools in Isfahan city from the viewpoint of spatial justice in terms of population, area, number of pools in each region and their distribution mode showed that swimming pools were not properly distributed in different regions and it was difficult to have fair and appropriate access to swimming pools in different regions. Therefore, in order to reduce injustice and spatial and social inequalities and their consequences and to help improve citizens’ quality of life and satisfaction, swimming pools in different regions of the city should be distributed according to the area and population of the regions, especially in the poor and populous regions with proper and optimal location.
The aim of this study was to develop a model for economic valuation of intangible assets of Iran handball premier league clubs in 2018. The statistical population consisted of 45 subjects in the qualitative section and the sample size was... more
The aim of this study was to develop a model for economic valuation of intangible assets of Iran handball premier league clubs in 2018. The statistical population consisted of 45 subjects in the qualitative section and the sample size was 386 subjects in the quantitative section due to the uncertainty of the population size using the Cochran formula. This study was applied with a survey method. Firstly, the intangible assets of Iran handball clubs were identified by qualitative method and then the data were analyzed by structural equation modeling using PLS3 and SPSS22 software in the quantitative approach. The results showed that spiritual capital (path coefficient of 0.902), communication capital (path coefficient of 0.900), human capital (path coefficient of 0.890) and structural capital (path coefficient of 0.885) respectively had the greatest effect on the economic valuation of intangible assets of Iran handball clubs. Therefore, it can be said that indicators such as television and satellite broadcasting right in intellectual capital, the popularity of the club in communication capital, the improvement and training of human resources in human capital and coherent and regular evaluation programs in structural capital had the highest value in the economic valuation of intangible assets of Iran handball clubs among other indicators of indices of intangible assets of Iran handball clubs.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of social media marketing (SMM) on branding process and consumer behavior based on Psychological Continuum Model (PCM) in the clubs of Iran football premier league. The statistical... more
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of social media marketing (SMM) on branding process and consumer behavior based on Psychological Continuum Model (PCM) in the clubs of Iran football premier league. The statistical population consisted of fans of the clubs in Iran football premier league (2017-2018) that had used at least one of the social media of the clubs. The sampling method was stratified and the maximum sample size was determined as 1155. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The face and content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by the professors of marketing and media and its construct validity was verified by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Using Cronbach's alpha, the reliability coefficients of branding process questionnaires, consumer behavior questionnaire and social media marketing questionnaire were obtained as 0.91, 0.87 and 0.95, respectively. To analyze the data, structural equation modeling was used by LISREL 8.8 software. The results showed that information reliability was the most important component of SMM practices and football club SMM had significant effects on branding process (r=0.67) and consumer behavior (r=0.28). In addition, the results demonstrated that the branding process significantly affected the consumer behavior (r=1.16). The results of this study can be used as fundamental data to integrate social media practices into the marketing strategies of sport brands and also as leverage and competitive advantage to affect fans’ behavior and to establish a deeper bond with the sport clubs.
The aim of this study was to identify the challenges of sport management paper acceptance in internationally recognized journals (with an emphasis on the Web of Science and Scopus). This study was qualitative based on the strategy and... more
The aim of this study was to identify the challenges of sport management paper acceptance in internationally recognized journals (with an emphasis on the Web of Science and Scopus). This study was qualitative based on the strategy and applied in terms of objectives. The sample was selected with the purposive sampling method and until theoretical saturation with 12 managing editors of internationally recognized sport management journals indexed in the Web of Science and Scopus. The necessary data were obtained by exploratory and semi-structured interviews. To analyze the data from interviews, open coding and axial coding were used and the data were analyzed and interpreted according to the study objectives. In the axial coding phase, three codes associated with the challenges of sport management paper acceptance in internationally recognized journals including structure and appearance quality of papers, professional writing and content quality. It is hoped that the challenges of sport management paper acceptance in internationally recognized journals could be eliminated by taking the above mentioned factors into account.
The aim of this study was to develop a model of factors influencing women dropping out of sport activities by DEMATEL technique. The present study was applied conducted by exploratory mixed method in qualitative and quantitative stages.... more
The aim of this study was to develop a model of factors influencing women dropping out of sport activities by DEMATEL technique. The present study was applied conducted by exploratory mixed method in qualitative and quantitative stages. In the qualitative stage, the statistical sample included 33 women from the whole country who had left their organized sport activities for at least one year and were selected through purposive sampling method. In the quantitative stage, the statistical sample considered of 15 women sport authorities, sport sciences experts with at least 5 years of coaching experience and university sport management professors who were selected by purposive sampling method. The data in the qualitative part was collected by semi-structured interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire was used in the quantitative part and its factors were extracted through a qualitative study. The results of the obtained model showed that the environmental factors and management factors were influencers (cause) and individual factors, interpersonal factors and service quality were influencees (effect). The results also showed that individual factors were the major problem for women dropout of sport activities, and management and slightly environmental factors can help solve individual factors.
The aim of this study was to explain the role of job autonomy and task complexity in creative behaviors of employees of Sport and Youth offices of Golestan province (N=220). 140 employees of these offices were selected as the statistical... more
The aim of this study was to explain the role of job autonomy and task complexity in creative behaviors of employees of Sport and Youth offices of Golestan province (N=220). 140 employees of these offices were selected as the statistical sample by simple random sampling method. To collect data, Langfred’s (2005) job autonomy, Maynard and Hakel’s (2009) task complexity and Zhou and George’s (2001) creative behaviors in workplace questionnaires were used. Face and content validity of the questionnaires were confirmed by experts and reliability coefficients of the questionnaires were determined respectively as 0.83, 0.78 and 0.79. Data were analyzed and the causal relationships of research variables were identified by structural equation modeling based on Smart PLS 2. Results showed that autonomy in job planning had a positive and significant effect on employees’ creative behaviors (t=3.31, β=0.34). The effects of autonomy in the approaches to do the job and autonomy in job evaluation on creative behaviors were not significant. Results showed that the task complexity of job had a negative and significant effect on employees’ creative behaviors (t=3.38, β= -0.38). Also, predictor variables of the study totally explained 44% of the variation of creative behaviors variable. According to these results, it is suggested that respective managers should identify the individual and organizational factors affecting the employees’ creative behaviors such as empowerment, knowledge sharing, organizational learning culture and organizational support to lay the groundwork for a creative and innovative organization in the field of sport.
The aim of this study was to identify goals, constraints and achievements of sponsorship of governmental and private banks for sport in Iran. The research method was applied and qualitative. It was conducted through interviews using... more
The aim of this study was to identify goals, constraints and achievements of sponsorship of governmental and private banks for sport in Iran. The research method was applied and qualitative. It was conducted through interviews using thematic analysis. The statistical population consisted of authorities of sport sponsorship departments of Iran governmental and private banks who worked at different positions in marketing, public relations, advertising … 19 banks (5 governmental banks and 14 private banks) had sport sponsorship. The population was selected by census method and the data were collected from 18 banks. The results demonstrated that the goals were categorized into 3 groups: social development, marketing and organizational development. Constraints were categorized into 5 groups: legal, economic, media promotion, feedback and management. Banks attained some achievements which were categorized into 3 groups: social, marketing and organizational development. In order to encourage new sponsors to enter this arena and retain existing sponsors, following points can be taken into account: considering the goals and achievements of banks, strengthening them, identifying their constraints and trying to eliminate them.
The aim of this study was to develop the model of those factors influencing the attraction of sponsors of Iran track and field. This study was applied in terms of objectives and a descriptive survey in terms of data collection which was... more
The aim of this study was to develop the model of those factors influencing the attraction of sponsors of Iran track and field. This study was applied in terms of objectives and a descriptive survey in terms of data collection which was conducted as a field. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data based on the 5-point Likert scale. To check the validity of the questionnaire, the primary version was distributed among 8 sport management professors and the final version was developed using their viewpoints. In descriptive statistics, frequency tables and measures of central tendency (mean) and dispersion indexes (variance and standard deviation) were used and inferential statistics included one-sample t test, Friedman test and correlation test using SPSS. AMOS software with confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine construct validity. The results showed that media and spectators, governmental, management-organizational, sociocultural and economic factors played the most important role in attracting sponsors of Iran track and field. Finally, given the identification and role of the above mentioned factors, the Ministry of Sport and Youth and Track and Field Federation can act to attract sponsors and meet their expectations.
The aim of this study was to explain the pattern of risk assessment in managers' tasks based on the APMBOK risk management cycle. The present study is a survey in terms of its practical purpose and method of collection. Its statistical... more
The aim of this study was to explain the pattern of risk assessment in managers' tasks based on the APMBOK risk management cycle. The present study is a survey in terms of its practical purpose and method of collection. Its statistical population includes the managers of physical education of Payame Noor University, the statistical sample of which is 31 people based on your method. To identify the factors influencing the risk management of the questionnaire, 33 questions were designed, the validity of which was confirmed by experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test (0/97). The statistical methods used in this study are t-test of single sample, Friedman ranking and structural equation modeling (PLS). The results showed that from the community's point of view, structural, leisure and extra-curricular risks, championship sports, sports equipment, medical and therapeutic equipment are considered as key factors in success in risk management and security and legal factors are not affected. According to the statistical test of Kai Square (52/155) and the level of significance (0/000), the correct management of leisure and extracurricular activities, as the most important factor, is a higher priority in estimating effective risks. Therefore, the model developed in this study can be effective in maintaining the financial, human and organizational resources of academic sports and reducing the legal consequences of risk management implementation.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect animosity to purchase involvement and customer purchase intention of foreign sports brands (Nike and Adidas) and domestic (Daei and Merooj). The statistical population of this study was... more
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect animosity to purchase involvement and customer purchase intention of foreign sports brands (Nike and Adidas) and domestic (Daei and Merooj). The statistical population of this study was the customers of foreign and domestic sports brands in Mazandaran province. 384 people were selected according to the Morgan table. After distributing and collecting questionnaires, 380 completed questionnaires were completed. For data analyses were used by SPSS and AMOS. The findings about domestic sport brands showed that there is a significant positive relationship between Consumer ethnocentrism and Purchase involvement, Consumer ethnocentrism and Purchase intention and as well as between Purchase involvement and Purchase involvement. But, there wasn't a significant relationship between Public animosity and Purchase intention, economic animosity and Purchase involvement, as well as between economic animosity and Purchase intention. Also, there was a significant negative relationship between Purchase involvement and purchase intention. In addition, findings among foreign brands showed that there was a significant negative relationship between ethnic Animosity and mental complexity, also between ethnic animosity and intent to buy, as well as between general animosity and mental complexity. According to research findings, sports marketers should consider animosity in order to succeed in marketing activities and increase profitability.In addition, findings among foreign brands showed that there was a significant negative relationship between ethnic Animosity and mental complexity.
In the current world, it is necessary to pay attention to the issue of knowledge management in different industries. Sport tourism is not an exception and management of knowledge in it accelerates the attainment of the goals of sport... more
In the current world, it is necessary to pay attention to the issue of knowledge management in different industries. Sport tourism is not an exception and management of knowledge in it accelerates the attainment of the goals of sport tourism so that the knowledge of sport tourism is managed any better, the process of reaching the goals of sport tourism, which is one of the important development of sport tourism. Most of them are faster and less error rate. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of knowledge management on sport tourism development in Kerman province. The research method was descriptive-survey and correlation. The statistical population of the study consisted of all 420 staff members of tourism organization of Kerman province, all heads of tourism agencies of Kerman province and sport tourists in Kerman province. To measure and test the variables, a researcher-made sport tourism development questionnaire and standard questionnaire of knowledge management process (Patrick and Sonya) were used. Regarding the sport tourism development questionnaire, the Corsair method was developed to develop a questionnaire and identify effective indicators in the development of sport tourism. According to the type of coding of the relevant axes, according to the literature, there were described economic, political, communication, infrastructure and management axes. Finally, the impact of KM dimensions of knowledge creation, knowledge storage, knowledge maintenance, knowledge acquisition and knowledge distribution on sport tourism development was confirmed.
The purpose of this research is to design an effective strategic control model for Iranian sports organizations and sport federations. This study has a qualitative approach and we used the grounded theory as a research method. For... more
The purpose of this research is to design an effective strategic control model for Iranian sports organizations and sport federations. This study has a qualitative approach and we used the grounded theory as a research method. For gathering data we studied high level documents and we interviewed with 28 experts who were aware of this subject. The validity of this research was examined and approved by the interviewers and then expert professors. The reliability of it is %87 which was obtained by using the methodology of the interstitial agreement. For data analysis we used the continuous comparison method in three stages: open, axial and selective coding. The results of this study showed that collaborative compilation factors, external environment factors, organizational environment factors, executive commitment factors for strategic control ,teaching and learning factors, cultural reform factors, change management factors and the establishment of strategic control model as eight effective factors in strategic control of sport organizations of Iran were identified and extracted. The sport organizations with the step by step implementation of this mechanism can improve control systems, responsiveness and appropriate reaction to environmental changes, systematic thinking and organizational performance and they can control strategic plans at the operational stage. The sport organizations with the step by step implementation of this mechanism can improve control systems, responsiveness and appropriate reaction to environmental changes, systematic thinking and organizational performance and they can control strategic plans at the operational stage.
The aim of this study was factor analysis of the components of administrative requirements before Sports Privatization in Iran. Research methodology was exploratory mixed method. The statistical population was sports management professors... more
The aim of this study was factor analysis of the components of administrative requirements before Sports Privatization in Iran. Research methodology was exploratory mixed method. The statistical population was sports management professors (n = 345), experts of sports privatization (n= 35) totally of 380 people and sample size was 198 people. The survey instrument was a semi-structured interview and researcher-made questionnaire. Form and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 12 experts and professors of sport management. Reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient obtained α=0.79 and was approved. For data analysis, descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, etc.) and inferential (factor analysis) was used. All analysis using statistical software Lisrel 8.8 and Spss 20 at a significance level (α= 0.05) was performed. The total variance explained showed that the research items comprise 6 factors and these factors account for about 67.945% of the variance. The results showed that six categories of requirements before sports privatization were identified that respectively were updating the comprehensive sports plan (0.92), empowering the private sector (0.88), empowered human power (0.87), Monitoring and control (0.85), Organization and structure (0.81), Services (0.79) requirements. According to the results it can be concluded that the country's sports officials before transferring the sport to the private sector should take note of the administrative requirements until privatization process can be performed in favorable conditions.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of social support and work-family conflict on job performance among staff of sport and youth departments in Kerman province. The population of this study included all employees of... more
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of social support and work-family conflict on job performance among staff of sport and youth departments in Kerman province. The population of this study included all employees of Youth and Sports offices of Kerman Province (N=252). Through cluster sampling, 157 people were selected. The questionnaires of social support Zimet et al (1988), work-family conflict Netmeyer et al (1996) and job performance Askater & Mvtvvydlv (1988) was used to collect the data. The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation, Sobel test equation and path analysis. Findings indicated that of social support has a direct and significant impact on job performance. Also the social support has a direct and negative impact on work - family conflict, and work - family conflict has direct and negative impact on job performance. Also results showed that the social support hasn’t mediating role on relationship between work-family conflict and job performance of employees. Finally, the model showed a good fit to the data. According to the findings of this study, which indicates the importance of the role of social support and work-family conflict on job performance of employees, it is recommended that managers and officials of sports and youth departments provide the necessary support for improvement of workplace performance, coping with life problems, general adaptability and physical and psychological well-being.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of advertising by celebrities in promoting the brand equity of sport goods. The research method was quasi-experimental, pre-test and post-test, in a sample of 60 physical... more
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of advertising by celebrities in promoting the brand equity of sport goods. The research method was quasi-experimental, pre-test and post-test, in a sample of 60 physical education students of Kermanshah Azad University. For this, volunteers have been exposed to simulations for a brand-of-the-art sport of athletic and unethical sports by a celebrity of selective sports through a social network of telegrams on smartphones for one month. Data were gathered by Brendaker's (1991) standard value questionnaire and then analyzed using SPSS23 software, dependent correlation statistical methods and Cook test. The results showed that the effect of advertising on the celebrity was significant and positive in all dimensions of brand equity, and ads made 0.87% in brand awareness, 0.91% in brand equity, 0.86% in brand quality understanding, and 0.86 percent had an impact on self-confidence. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that marketers and enthusiasts of the country's sports advertising industry pay special attention to the popularity of the athlete of the country as one of the most effective strategies in raising brand equity and gaining competitive advantage. It also makes use of social networking and mobile phone smartphone users as one of the most effective and low-cost communication tools for communication with audiences and promotion of their sporting goods.
Today's international trade relations of each country can affect its economic growth. Therefore, the present study examines the effect of sports goods export on economic growth in Iran and some selected developing countries.This is a... more
Today's international trade relations of each country can affect its economic growth. Therefore, the present study examines the effect of sports goods export on economic growth in Iran and some selected developing countries.This is a applied research and in terms of statistics and information gathering is a documentary research type. The data of sport goods export and economic growth indicators of Iran and 9 selected developing countries during 1997-1996 on five groups of shoes, clothing, different kind of balls , recreational sport boats , and other goods were extracted by use of World Bank and International Trade Center data according to HS classification. For analyzing data using econometrics and data panel and co-experimental tests, Lymer, Hausman, random effects, Eviews software was used . The results showed that employment indicators, government expenditures, exports of sports products, openness of the economy, human capital and research and development have a positive coefficient, and inflation and exchange rate indices have a negative coefficient on economic growth. In general, according to research findings, the growth of sport products exports has led to an production capacity increase, economic savings, increased productivity and more efficient allocation of resources, and ultimately higher growth in non-economic sectors. Therefore, in order to increase the value added in the sports industry sector as one of the most important economic sectors in most countries of the world, Should develop export of high quality sports goods Be the top priority of government programs.
The purpose of this study is to explore barriers to resistance economic in sport development from sports professionals' view point. The study population included 160 professionals and experts and sports officials across the country who... more
The purpose of this study is to explore barriers to resistance economic in sport development from sports professionals' view point. The study population included 160 professionals and experts and sports officials across the country who have a resume of university teaching or experience in sport economy. Finally, the number of not distorted returned questionnaires was 143. The sampling method was purposeful in this research. the research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire (based on the identified factors of the qualitative section). The validity of the questionnaire is formal and content reliability was confirmed by 10 sport management experts by reliability coefficient was Cronbach’s alpha 89%. To analyze the research data SPSS 20 software in significance level (0% 05˃ p) and AMOS software were used. The descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics after analyzing data distribution and KMO and Bartlett’s test and to interpret the factor loads of the items the correlation matrix was used. The results of structural equation modeling showed that the challenges and barriers to implementation resistance economy the factor of "weakness of legal and legal factors" (84%). It has the greatest impact and "disregard of documents upstream" (58%) have the least impact. According to the results of the research, it is suggested that the legislator's authorities do not help with the implementation of the rules of the law and the implementation of the resistance economy in sport.
Football fans could play a significant role in the development of economic and non-economic capacities of sports clubs. According to this strategic indicator into promoting of economic resources sport clubs can be useful.The main purpose... more
Football fans could play a significant role in the development of economic and non-economic capacities of sports clubs. According to this strategic indicator into promoting of economic resources sport clubs can be useful.The main purpose of this study was to explain and present the model of economic factors affecting the behavioral responses of football fans through the use of the data foundation theory approach. The participants of this study were 20 key owners and key informants selected through targeted sampling and snowball sampling.Collections of basic concepts were collected during the open coding process and the categories were extracted from their contents. Then, in the axial coding step, the link between these categories was determined by the terms of the causal conditions, the axial phenomenon, the strategic category, the environmental conditions, the category of intermediaries, and the consequent category in the form of the paradigm.In the selective coding step, components of the paradigm of coding, description and theory were created. Through open coding, 89 concepts were obtained that categorized these concepts into 27 sub-categories and were classified into 13 main categories during the axial coding step. Sport managers should be familiar with the behavior, needs and views of the fans as one of the most important sport economic supporter and their programs should be adjusted according to the attitudes of the fans and with by effective planning, to manage behavioral responses of fans.
The purpose of this study was to develop a model of social behaviors in Iranian professional athletes. The research was based on a combination of exploratory and sequential exploration. Data collection tools were qualitative phase,... more
The purpose of this study was to develop a model of social behaviors in Iranian professional athletes. The research was based on a combination of exploratory and sequential exploration. Data collection tools were qualitative phase, semi-structured and open interviews with 23 professional athletes, athletic instructors, sports managers, psychologists and sports sociologists. In the qualitative research, statistical samples were selected using snowball method. Data were analyzed in qualitative phase by coding method in three stages: open, axial and selective. The findings included 93 tokens in open coding. In the central coding stage, the factors affecting the formation of the social behaviors pattern of professional athletes in Iran are categorized in the form of organizational component, economic component, political component, cultural component, ethical component, technical component, social component, component of rules and component of internal factors. In the selected coding stage, we have developed a model of social behaviors of professional athletes in Iran. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on the qualitative results of the research. Sampling in quantitative phase, randomized, classified. In the quantitative phase, structural equations under the Smart PLS 3.00 software were used to evaluate the behavior patterns of professional athletes in Iran. According to the results of the test, the coefficients (t-value) of all factor loads were significant at 99% confidence level and played a significant and positive role in shaping the behavior patterns of Iranian athlete's athletes.
The purpose of this study was the Effect of Social Undermining on Employees Innovative Behavior in Ministry of Sports and Youth of Iran with Role Modertor Trust Orgonazition. The Research Method Was Descriptive Survey and it is one Type... more
The purpose of this study was the Effect of Social Undermining on Employees Innovative Behavior in Ministry of Sports and Youth of Iran with Role Modertor Trust Orgonazition. The Research Method Was Descriptive Survey and it is one Type of Apply Research. The Statistical Population included all Employees the Ministry of Sports and Youth that their Number Was 400 People through Proportional Stratified Random Sampling, and 230 People Were Selected as Statistical Sample. For Data Collection we Used to three Questionnaires of Innovative Behaviour Scott and Bruce (1994), Social Undermining Duffy and et al (2002), and Orgonazition Trust Paliszkiewicz (2010). For Data Analyze, We Used to Structural Equation Modeling (S E M) and Path Analysis by the AMOS24 Software. The Results Showed a Significant and negative Relationship between Social Undermining with Innovative Behaviour. Also, the role of the organizational trust moderating variable in the relationship between Social Undermining and Innovative Behaviour is confirmed. There fore, it can be concluded that any Increase in organizational trust in the Ministry of Youth and Sports Dicreases the Social Undermining and to updated Causing Innovative employee behavior.
The purpose of this recent research was study of barriers of constructive and designing green sport facilities from expertise's point of view. This research based on its objective, is functional and regarding the research method is... more
The purpose of this recent research was study of barriers of constructive and designing green sport facilities from expertise's point of view. This research based on its objective, is functional and regarding the research method is descriptive. The study population comprised of experts that are thoughtful in this field of research. Due to nature of research sample, AHP , applied just purposeful and 15 people were selected. in order to collect data such as field research based on interview and questionnaires about pairwise comparisons. To analyze quantitative and quantitative data at the same time, AHP and expert choice software were applied. Inconsistency rate index was less than one percent. The results of AHP technique determine that “the loss of knowledge-based fields” as the most important cognitive factor with relative weight of (0/267) has a first priority, “the lack of a national standard for sport complexes” with relative weight of (0/231) has the first priority in managerial factors, “lack of required interaction between the University and Project Managers” with the relative weight of (0/303) has the first priority in executive factors, and “costly construction and maintenance” with relative weight of (0/239) has the first priority in economic factors.

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