University of TehranSport Management Journal2008-93418320160822Integrating Decision Making Methods in GIS Environment to Select Sites for Sport FacilitiesIntegrating Decision Making Methods in GIS Environment to Select Sites for Sport Facilities3293425930110.22059/jsm.2016.59301FAMehdiSalimi0000-0003-4566-6490MSoltanhoseini0000-0003-4026-162XEKhaliliJournal Article20120309
The aim of this study was to introduce a new idea in site selection of the sport facilities. At first, the studied domain was categorized into 6 incoherent scales by AHP method and based on 12 criteria including different urban land uses and elements. The lands with the maximum value and the area of 1502965.8 m<sup>2</sup> comprised 6% of the whole domain. Then, after teaming up on the research project, the area with the highest value was examined by field estimation and 5 plots of land (A, B, C, D, and E) were considered as the inputs of discrete state. These plots were the lands which were capable of being considered and researched to build new sports facilities in the real world and in terms of other criteria. To prioritize these inputs, four methods of TOPSIS, ELECTRE, SAW and Taxonomy were used whose common criteria were the price, geomorphic conditions, ability to get possessory right, present use value, population, accessibility and distance from nearby sports facilities. Finally, the results from abovementioned methods were gathered and analyzed by POSET technique and it was determined that the piece of land C was the best place to build a new sport facility.
The aim of this study was to introduce a new idea in site selection of the sport facilities. At first, the studied domain was categorized into 6 incoherent scales by AHP method and based on 12 criteria including different urban land uses and elements. The lands with the maximum value and the area of 1502965.8 m<sup>2</sup> comprised 6% of the whole domain. Then, after teaming up on the research project, the area with the highest value was examined by field estimation and 5 plots of land (A, B, C, D, and E) were considered as the inputs of discrete state. These plots were the lands which were capable of being considered and researched to build new sports facilities in the real world and in terms of other criteria. To prioritize these inputs, four methods of TOPSIS, ELECTRE, SAW and Taxonomy were used whose common criteria were the price, geomorphic conditions, ability to get possessory right, present use value, population, accessibility and distance from nearby sports facilities. Finally, the results from abovementioned methods were gathered and analyzed by POSET technique and it was determined that the piece of land C was the best place to build a new sport facility.https://jsm.ut.ac.ir/article_59301_ea8bf400c57f85e1fa510dcd027ce484.pdfUniversity of TehranSport Management Journal2008-93418320160822An Assessment of Barriers to Participation of Iranian People with Spinal Cord Injury in Recreational Physical ActivityAn Assessment of Barriers to Participation of Iranian People with Spinal Cord Injury in Recreational Physical Activity3433575930310.22059/jsm.2016.59303FAMaZebardastESharifianJournal Article20140719The aim of this study was to assess the barriers to participation of Iranian people with SCI in recreational physical activity (RPA). Methodology of this survey was applied in terms of goal and descriptive-analytical with regard to data collection. The statistical population consisted of people with SCI under the supervision of the State Welfare Organization of Iran (<em>N</em>=12851), and 443 subjects were selected from 10 provinces as the statistical sample by cluster sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. Its content validity was confirmed by 10 leisure time and 5 spinal cord injury experts and its reliability was found by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (<em>α</em>=0.87) in a pilot study (<em>n</em>=50). Exploratory factor analysis and path analysis were used for data analysis. Exploratory factor analysis categorized the barriers in six groups: environmental and structural barriers, informational barriers, emotional and physical barriers, accessibility barriers, social support barriers and economic barriers. Then, the model was examined by path analysis. Results showed that the model had an acceptable fit and among the six groups of barriers for the model, the economic barriers and social barriers respectively had the most and the least effects on participation of Iranian people with SCI in RPA. According to the great effect of economic barriers, it is recommended that greater priority should be given to remove these barriers in order to help increasing the participation of Iranian people with SCI in RPA.The aim of this study was to assess the barriers to participation of Iranian people with SCI in recreational physical activity (RPA). Methodology of this survey was applied in terms of goal and descriptive-analytical with regard to data collection. The statistical population consisted of people with SCI under the supervision of the State Welfare Organization of Iran (<em>N</em>=12851), and 443 subjects were selected from 10 provinces as the statistical sample by cluster sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. Its content validity was confirmed by 10 leisure time and 5 spinal cord injury experts and its reliability was found by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (<em>α</em>=0.87) in a pilot study (<em>n</em>=50). Exploratory factor analysis and path analysis were used for data analysis. Exploratory factor analysis categorized the barriers in six groups: environmental and structural barriers, informational barriers, emotional and physical barriers, accessibility barriers, social support barriers and economic barriers. Then, the model was examined by path analysis. Results showed that the model had an acceptable fit and among the six groups of barriers for the model, the economic barriers and social barriers respectively had the most and the least effects on participation of Iranian people with SCI in RPA. According to the great effect of economic barriers, it is recommended that greater priority should be given to remove these barriers in order to help increasing the participation of Iranian people with SCI in RPA.https://jsm.ut.ac.ir/article_59303_ce7cb1bed57fe080a1c07ec11f5294b0.pdfUniversity of TehranSport Management Journal2008-93418320160822Determining Factors Affecting Domestic Sports Brand Equity Using Structural Equation ModelingDetermining Factors Affecting Domestic Sports Brand Equity Using Structural Equation Modeling3593735930410.22059/jsm.2016.59304FAAazamShadivandMSc in Sport Management SHahid Chamran University Ahvaz.Iran;TaherehAzmshaShahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranAbdolrahmanMehdipourMartyr Chamran Ahwaz University AcademicJournal Article20141127
The aim of this study was to determine those factors affecting domestic sports brand equity using structural equation modeling. This research was a descriptive survey. 210 elite athletes of Ahvaz city were randomly selected using Krejcie and Morgan Table (<em>N</em>=450). A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. Its validity was measured by a number of experts in the field and its reliability was calculated as 0.89. For descriptive analysis of data, SPSS software was use and for inferential analysis, structural equation modeling using AMOS software was applied. The most influential path of model was the effect of perceived quality on brand loyalty (path coefficient=0.91). The results showed that the marketing mix (product, price, place, promotion) were influential on three dimensions of brand equity (awareness / brand associations, perceived quality and brand loyalty). These three dimensions influenced each other and the brand equity. Therefore, quality product, expected price, a larger advertising and suitable distribution locations have an important share in elevating domestic sports brand equity.
The aim of this study was to determine those factors affecting domestic sports brand equity using structural equation modeling. This research was a descriptive survey. 210 elite athletes of Ahvaz city were randomly selected using Krejcie and Morgan Table (<em>N</em>=450). A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. Its validity was measured by a number of experts in the field and its reliability was calculated as 0.89. For descriptive analysis of data, SPSS software was use and for inferential analysis, structural equation modeling using AMOS software was applied. The most influential path of model was the effect of perceived quality on brand loyalty (path coefficient=0.91). The results showed that the marketing mix (product, price, place, promotion) were influential on three dimensions of brand equity (awareness / brand associations, perceived quality and brand loyalty). These three dimensions influenced each other and the brand equity. Therefore, quality product, expected price, a larger advertising and suitable distribution locations have an important share in elevating domestic sports brand equity.https://jsm.ut.ac.ir/article_59304_2ddf544b22b312c51fbcd17b6b6201c8.pdfUniversity of TehranSport Management Journal2008-93418320160822An Assessment and Prioritization of Sport and Youth Managers' Skills in Mazandaran ProvinceAn Assessment and Prioritization of Sport and Youth Managers' Skills in Mazandaran Province3753885930510.22059/jsm.2016.59305FASSGhM0000-0003-3621-103XMRJournal Article20150218
The aim of this study was to evaluate and prioritize skills of Sport and Youth managers in Mazandaran province. Research method was descriptive-survey and in term of objective was practical. The population consisted of all employees and experts in Sport and Youth offices and 80 employees and 12 senior experts and experts were selected as the sample. A questionnaire with 21 items derived from Fardi Azar (2001) questionnaire assessed the skill of managers. Validity of this questionnaire was confirmed by 10 professors and experts and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach’s alpha test (<em>α</em>=0.89). TOPSIS method was used to assess the skills of managers and AHP-FUZZY method to calculate the weight or importance coefficient of each factor of sports managers' skills. The findings showed that mangers' skills were prioritized as follows: conceptual skills (strategic and long –term goals, awareness of laws and regulations), human skills (effective listening, influencing people) and technical skills (authority, resource allocation). According to these results,educating of sport managers and nurturing and enhancing the abovementioned factors in each skill are solutions to increase the performance of managers in this sample.
The aim of this study was to evaluate and prioritize skills of Sport and Youth managers in Mazandaran province. Research method was descriptive-survey and in term of objective was practical. The population consisted of all employees and experts in Sport and Youth offices and 80 employees and 12 senior experts and experts were selected as the sample. A questionnaire with 21 items derived from Fardi Azar (2001) questionnaire assessed the skill of managers. Validity of this questionnaire was confirmed by 10 professors and experts and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach’s alpha test (<em>α</em>=0.89). TOPSIS method was used to assess the skills of managers and AHP-FUZZY method to calculate the weight or importance coefficient of each factor of sports managers' skills. The findings showed that mangers' skills were prioritized as follows: conceptual skills (strategic and long –term goals, awareness of laws and regulations), human skills (effective listening, influencing people) and technical skills (authority, resource allocation). According to these results,educating of sport managers and nurturing and enhancing the abovementioned factors in each skill are solutions to increase the performance of managers in this sample.https://jsm.ut.ac.ir/article_59305_d3ee7420ea923c52d0d0cce280203b59.pdfUniversity of TehranSport Management Journal2008-93418320160822A Study of the Effect of Sports Brand Advertising on Customers' Electroencephalographic Changes in NeuromarketingA Study of the Effect of Sports Brand Advertising on Customers' Electroencephalographic Changes in Neuromarketing3894055930610.22059/jsm.2016.59306FAHouriyehDehghanpouriPhD student in Sport Management, University of UrmiaFatemehAbdaviAssistant Professor and faculty member of Tabriz University, Physical Education Faculty Tabriz, Iran0000-0002-9746-4922MahtaEskandarnegadc Assistant Professor and faculty member of Tabriz University, Physical Education Faculty Tabriz, IranJournal Article20141109
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sports brand (Adidas) advertising on electroencephalographic changes of customers in neuromarketing. In this applied and quasi-experimental study, the statistical population consisted of 40 students of University of Tabriz including athletes and non-athletes who were interested / not interested in the Adidas brand, all right-handed, age range 20-35, with no record of disease / surgery in their head and skull. ProComp 2 was used to collect data. The general model of the study consisted of 4 main steps: to select subjects; to observe and record the brainwave activity of subjects before watching the ad; to record their brainwave activity while watching the ads; to record their brainwave activity after watching the ad. Data were turned to quantitative data using the BioGraph Infiniti software and 16spss. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measures and the approach of Wilks Lambda. Results showed a difference in mean frequency activity of delta, theta, alpha and beta in all four groups before, during and after watching the ads. So, the chance of reaching ad goals in sport section can be facilitated in the country by creating a better and comprehensive understanding of consumers and developing a knowledge base in this area.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sports brand (Adidas) advertising on electroencephalographic changes of customers in neuromarketing. In this applied and quasi-experimental study, the statistical population consisted of 40 students of University of Tabriz including athletes and non-athletes who were interested / not interested in the Adidas brand, all right-handed, age range 20-35, with no record of disease / surgery in their head and skull. ProComp 2 was used to collect data. The general model of the study consisted of 4 main steps: to select subjects; to observe and record the brainwave activity of subjects before watching the ad; to record their brainwave activity while watching the ads; to record their brainwave activity after watching the ad. Data were turned to quantitative data using the BioGraph Infiniti software and 16spss. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measures and the approach of Wilks Lambda. Results showed a difference in mean frequency activity of delta, theta, alpha and beta in all four groups before, during and after watching the ads. So, the chance of reaching ad goals in sport section can be facilitated in the country by creating a better and comprehensive understanding of consumers and developing a knowledge base in this area.https://jsm.ut.ac.ir/article_59306_4c9aab06f63ad6870758bb31de6ecec1.pdfUniversity of TehranSport Management Journal2008-93418320160822Determining Validity and Reliability of Moral Orientation Questionnaire in Student AthletesDetermining Validity and Reliability of Moral Orientation Questionnaire in Student Athletes4074205930710.22059/jsm.2016.59307FAAFarahani0000-0002-0417-5858RaminIraji Noghondar0009-0001-0625-0057Journal Article20150408The aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of Moral Orientation Questionnaire in the student athletes. The statistical population consisted of physical education students of Mashhad Ferdowsi University (<em>N</em>=450). 186 subjects were selected randomly as the sample. 14-item Moral Orientation Questionnaire (Miltiadis, 2010) was used which included 2 factors (deontological ethics, teleological ethics). Face and content validity of this questionnaire was confirmed after translation by sport management professors. For data analysis, descriptive indexes were used for data description; Cronbach's alpha was applied to determining internal consistency; confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine construct validity. Results showed internal consistency (<em>α</em>=0.72) for Moral Orientation Questionnaire. Given construct validity, the amount of relationship and T-value, all items had a significant relationship with their agents and they could be good predictors of their agents. X<sup>2</sup>/df=4.64 and RMSEA=0.060 indexes confirmed the fit of model. Also, all factors could be good predictors of the concept of moral orientation. Finally, internal and external validity of Moral Orientation Model was accepted. The Moral Orientation Questionnaire in Sport is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to assess moral orientation of student athletes and it achieved stable results as well.The aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of Moral Orientation Questionnaire in the student athletes. The statistical population consisted of physical education students of Mashhad Ferdowsi University (<em>N</em>=450). 186 subjects were selected randomly as the sample. 14-item Moral Orientation Questionnaire (Miltiadis, 2010) was used which included 2 factors (deontological ethics, teleological ethics). Face and content validity of this questionnaire was confirmed after translation by sport management professors. For data analysis, descriptive indexes were used for data description; Cronbach's alpha was applied to determining internal consistency; confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine construct validity. Results showed internal consistency (<em>α</em>=0.72) for Moral Orientation Questionnaire. Given construct validity, the amount of relationship and T-value, all items had a significant relationship with their agents and they could be good predictors of their agents. X<sup>2</sup>/df=4.64 and RMSEA=0.060 indexes confirmed the fit of model. Also, all factors could be good predictors of the concept of moral orientation. Finally, internal and external validity of Moral Orientation Model was accepted. The Moral Orientation Questionnaire in Sport is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to assess moral orientation of student athletes and it achieved stable results as well.https://jsm.ut.ac.ir/article_59307_8bf6b69cd9c0bfa9bcfd2dd36080c4c3.pdfUniversity of TehranSport Management Journal2008-93418320160822An Investigation of the Effect of Intellectual Capital on Service Quality of Sport Facilities based on the Servqual Model with Mediating Role of Organizational Performance (Case Study: Sport and Youth Staff of West Azerbaijan Province)An Investigation of the Effect of Intellectual Capital on Service Quality of Sport Facilities based on the Servqual Model with Mediating Role of Organizational Performance (Case Study: Sport and Youth Staff of West Azerbaijan Province)4214375930810.22059/jsm.2016.59308FAHFMKJournal Article20150223
This study aimed at investigating the effect of intellectual capital and organizational performance on service quality. Research method was descriptive and correlation, structural equation modeling. The population consisted of all 219 male and female staff of Sport and Youth general offices in West Azerbaijan province. 180 subjects were selected as the sample by purposive non-random sampling method. Three standard questionnaires were used to collect the data: Intellectual Capital based on Stewart model, Organizational Performance based on balanced scorecard model and Service Quality based on Servqual model. Data were analyzed by LISREL and SPSS software. Results of structural equations showed that the direct effect of human capital on organizational performance (0.18) and services quality (0.28) was positive and significant at 0.05 level. The effect of costumer capital on service quality (0.57) was positive and significant at 0.05 level. The direct effect of organizational performance on service quality (0.17) was positive and significant at 0.05 level. The indirect effect of the intellectual capital with the mediating role of organizational performance on service quality was not significant.
This study aimed at investigating the effect of intellectual capital and organizational performance on service quality. Research method was descriptive and correlation, structural equation modeling. The population consisted of all 219 male and female staff of Sport and Youth general offices in West Azerbaijan province. 180 subjects were selected as the sample by purposive non-random sampling method. Three standard questionnaires were used to collect the data: Intellectual Capital based on Stewart model, Organizational Performance based on balanced scorecard model and Service Quality based on Servqual model. Data were analyzed by LISREL and SPSS software. Results of structural equations showed that the direct effect of human capital on organizational performance (0.18) and services quality (0.28) was positive and significant at 0.05 level. The effect of costumer capital on service quality (0.57) was positive and significant at 0.05 level. The direct effect of organizational performance on service quality (0.17) was positive and significant at 0.05 level. The indirect effect of the intellectual capital with the mediating role of organizational performance on service quality was not significant.https://jsm.ut.ac.ir/article_59308_2812c43204d6b6282e85b6cd30a8382f.pdfUniversity of TehranSport Management Journal2008-93418320160822The Relationship between Organizational Support and Customer Orientation in Employees of Golestan Sport and Youth OfficesThe Relationship between Organizational Support and Customer Orientation in Employees of Golestan Sport and Youth Offices4394525930910.22059/jsm.2016.59309FANasserBay0000-0001-5952-6232RSSMJournal Article20150429The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational support and customer orientation in employees of Golestan sport and youth offices. The population consisted of employees of Golestan sport and youth offices (<em>N</em>=203) in 2014. Sample size was determined by Cochran Table and stratified random sampling method (<em>n</em>=132). Finally, 125 questionnaires were returned. To collect data, Organizational Support Questionnaire developed by Yavas & Babakus (2009) and Customer Orientation Questionnaire developed by Donavan et al. (2004) were used. Internal consistency of the questionnaires was determined by Cronbach's alpha as 0.84 and 0.87 respectively. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The findings showed a significant positive relationship between management support and employees’ customer orientation. Also, a significant positive relationship was observed between training and employees’ customer orientation. There was a significant positive relationship between rewarding and employees' customer orientation. Empowerment had a positive significant relationship with employees’ customer orientation. Among dimensions of organizational support, employees’ empowerment and rewarding had the ability to predict their customer orientation. It is recommended that the managers of Golestan Sport and Youth offices should provide a background for employees' customer orientation with a supportive atmosphere.The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational support and customer orientation in employees of Golestan sport and youth offices. The population consisted of employees of Golestan sport and youth offices (<em>N</em>=203) in 2014. Sample size was determined by Cochran Table and stratified random sampling method (<em>n</em>=132). Finally, 125 questionnaires were returned. To collect data, Organizational Support Questionnaire developed by Yavas & Babakus (2009) and Customer Orientation Questionnaire developed by Donavan et al. (2004) were used. Internal consistency of the questionnaires was determined by Cronbach's alpha as 0.84 and 0.87 respectively. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The findings showed a significant positive relationship between management support and employees’ customer orientation. Also, a significant positive relationship was observed between training and employees’ customer orientation. There was a significant positive relationship between rewarding and employees' customer orientation. Empowerment had a positive significant relationship with employees’ customer orientation. Among dimensions of organizational support, employees’ empowerment and rewarding had the ability to predict their customer orientation. It is recommended that the managers of Golestan Sport and Youth offices should provide a background for employees' customer orientation with a supportive atmosphere.https://jsm.ut.ac.ir/article_59309_6ea418ae14fcdebc7f5a4b33597e6e57.pdfUniversity of TehranSport Management Journal2008-93418320160822The Study of the Effect of Strategic Human Resources Management on Organizational Performance with the Mediating Role of Human Capital in Faculties of Physical Education and Sport Sciences of State Universities in TehranThe Study of the Effect of Strategic Human Resources Management on Organizational Performance with the Mediating Role of Human Capital in Faculties of Physical Education and Sport Sciences of State Universities in Tehran4534655931010.22059/jsm.2016.59310FASeyed MohammadMirkamaliMBYRJournal Article20150115
The present study explored the effect of strategic human resources management on organizational performance with a mediating role of human capital in faculties of physical education and sport sciences of state universities of Tehran. This research was descriptive-causal and the statistical population included all 166 staff and professors of faculties of physical education and sport sciences of state universities in Tehran (affiliated to the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology) in the academic year 2014-2015. The sample included 126 subjects who were selected by Morgan Table and allocation stratified method proportional to size. Data were collected by the adjusted Strategic Management of Human Resources Questionnaire of Huang and Chang (2005) (<em>α</em>=0.92), Human Capital Questionnaire of Amiri (2012) (<em>α</em>=0.85) and Organizational Performance of Ahmadi (2013) (<em>α</em>=0.94). To analyze the data, descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling were applied using Lisrel and SPSS. The results suggested that strategic human resources management directly (<em>β</em>=0.59) and indirectly by mediating role of human capital (<em>β</em>=0.22) influenced organizational performance (totally <em>β</em>=0.81). Human capital also influenced organizational performance (<em>β</em>=0.71).
The present study explored the effect of strategic human resources management on organizational performance with a mediating role of human capital in faculties of physical education and sport sciences of state universities of Tehran. This research was descriptive-causal and the statistical population included all 166 staff and professors of faculties of physical education and sport sciences of state universities in Tehran (affiliated to the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology) in the academic year 2014-2015. The sample included 126 subjects who were selected by Morgan Table and allocation stratified method proportional to size. Data were collected by the adjusted Strategic Management of Human Resources Questionnaire of Huang and Chang (2005) (<em>α</em>=0.92), Human Capital Questionnaire of Amiri (2012) (<em>α</em>=0.85) and Organizational Performance of Ahmadi (2013) (<em>α</em>=0.94). To analyze the data, descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling were applied using Lisrel and SPSS. The results suggested that strategic human resources management directly (<em>β</em>=0.59) and indirectly by mediating role of human capital (<em>β</em>=0.22) influenced organizational performance (totally <em>β</em>=0.81). Human capital also influenced organizational performance (<em>β</em>=0.71).https://jsm.ut.ac.ir/article_59310_c1b1b11122a6c817d305868780a205a0.pdfUniversity of TehranSport Management Journal2008-93418320160822The Relationship of Coaches’ Servant Leadership Style with Team Efficacy and Athlete Satisfaction in Iran Handball Super LeagueThe Relationship of Coaches’ Servant Leadership Style with Team Efficacy and Athlete Satisfaction in Iran Handball Super League4674805931110.22059/jsm.2016.59311FASHMR0000-0001-6882-5592BRJournal Article20150610
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of coaches’ servant leadership style with team efficacy and male athlete satisfaction in Iran handball super league. The research method was descriptive-correlation conducted by standard questionnaires of Servant Leadership, Team Efficacy and Athlete Satisfaction. The population of this study consisted of male players of 12 handball super league teams (<em>N</em>=216) in 2011. 105 questionnaires were collected randomly and analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, Structural Equation Modeling and path analysis. Findings indicated that servant leadership had a positive and significant relationship with team efficacy and athlete satisfaction but team efficacy did not show any significant relationship with athlete satisfaction. Also, among three subscales of leadership, only 'trust' subscale had a direct and significant effect on satisfaction and 'service' and 'humility' subscales had a direct and significant effect on team efficacy. All fit indexes of the two models showed a good fit of the data.
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of coaches’ servant leadership style with team efficacy and male athlete satisfaction in Iran handball super league. The research method was descriptive-correlation conducted by standard questionnaires of Servant Leadership, Team Efficacy and Athlete Satisfaction. The population of this study consisted of male players of 12 handball super league teams (<em>N</em>=216) in 2011. 105 questionnaires were collected randomly and analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, Structural Equation Modeling and path analysis. Findings indicated that servant leadership had a positive and significant relationship with team efficacy and athlete satisfaction but team efficacy did not show any significant relationship with athlete satisfaction. Also, among three subscales of leadership, only 'trust' subscale had a direct and significant effect on satisfaction and 'service' and 'humility' subscales had a direct and significant effect on team efficacy. All fit indexes of the two models showed a good fit of the data.https://jsm.ut.ac.ir/article_59311_3346828eac34988d568bdc970dea6247.pdf