University of Tehran Sport Management Journal 2008-9341 16 3 2024 09 22 Predicting the Number of Iran’s Medals in the 2022 Hangzhou Asian Games by Using the Time Series Predicting the Number of Iran’s Medals in the 2022 Hangzhou Asian Games by Using the Time Series 19 1 97983 10.22059/jsm.2019.267668.2168 FA Fereshteh Mohebbi Department of Sport Managment, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran Seyed Nasrollah Sajadi Department of Sport Managment, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Afsar Jafari Department of Sport Managment, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2018 11 25 Introduction: Considering the importance of the Asian Games, the purpose of this research was to predict the number of medals Iran will win in the 2022 Asian Games in Hangzhou using time series. Methods: The research method is descriptive analytical and the type of research is applied. The statistical population of the study included the medals that acquired by Iranian from the first course (New Delhi-1951) to eighteenth course (Jakarta -2018) of Asian games. The collection of information was carried out in the form of library that includes books, magazine, journal, Iranian and foreign journal, net and site, with this sources we predicted the result of the sport. In order to test and analyze the data in this research, a descriptive statistic was used to draw tables and charts to predict the medals of Asian games in Hangzhou by 2022 by using the time series statistic. Results: The result of this study with time series statistics showed that Iran in Hangzhou 2022 Asian games will receive fifty-eight medals and will be in the seventh place in Hangzhou 2022 Asian games. Conclusion: Sports managers and decision-makers should invest in top disciplines such as: wrestling, weightlifting, non-active disciplines and women's sports disciplines, so that Iran can win more medals in the upcoming Asian Games. Introduction: Considering the importance of the Asian Games, the purpose of this research was to predict the number of medals Iran will win in the 2022 Asian Games in Hangzhou using time series. Methods: The research method is descriptive analytical and the type of research is applied. The statistical population of the study included the medals that acquired by Iranian from the first course (New Delhi-1951) to eighteenth course (Jakarta -2018) of Asian games. The collection of information was carried out in the form of library that includes books, magazine, journal, Iranian and foreign journal, net and site, with this sources we predicted the result of the sport. In order to test and analyze the data in this research, a descriptive statistic was used to draw tables and charts to predict the medals of Asian games in Hangzhou by 2022 by using the time series statistic. Results: The result of this study with time series statistics showed that Iran in Hangzhou 2022 Asian games will receive fifty-eight medals and will be in the seventh place in Hangzhou 2022 Asian games. Conclusion: Sports managers and decision-makers should invest in top disciplines such as: wrestling, weightlifting, non-active disciplines and women's sports disciplines, so that Iran can win more medals in the upcoming Asian Games.

https://jsm.ut.ac.ir/article_97983_c5089c99748ee06d532effd69bdcd011.pdf

University of Tehran Sport Management Journal 2008-9341 16 3 2024 09 22 Investigating the Role of Media Power in Sports Diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran Investigating the Role of Media Power in Sports Diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran 35 20 97982 10.22059/jsm.2021.312396.2605 FA Hamed Karimi Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran Masume Kalate Seyfari Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran Mohammad Hassan Razavi Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran Hamid Ghasemi Department of Sport Management, Payame Noor University, Iran Journal Article 2020 12 18 Introduction: The aim of this research was to examine the role of media power in the sports diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Methods: The present research, with a qualitative approach, is based on data foundation, which was conducted in terms of practical objectives and data collection fieldwork. Among the elites in this field, 20 individuals were purposefully selected as snowball samples. The research tool was a semi-structured interview, which continued until theoretical saturation was reached. For the validity and reliability of the research, the acceptability, transferability, and confirmability method was used, and the reliability was obtained at 77% in the retest. Results: Through the review and analysis of the interviews, 39 codes were identified in the form of 8 concepts in the axis of external conditions, 30 codes in the form of 6 concepts under contextual conditions, 20 codes in the form of 4 concepts under interventionist conditions, 44 codes in the form of 9 concepts in the axis of strategies, 36 codes in the form of 7 concepts related to consequences, and 24 codes in the form of 2 concepts related to the central phenomenon of identification. Conclusion: The research results showed that factors such as media development, the importance of sports in the media, media position development,cultural exchange in the media, theoretical foundation production in the media,the diplomatic nature of the media, enrichment of leisure time, and other factors played an important role in the media's role in sports diplomacy in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Introduction: The aim of this research was to examine the role of media power in the sports diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Methods: The present research, with a qualitative approach, is based on data foundation, which was conducted in terms of practical objectives and data collection fieldwork. Among the elites in this field, 20 individuals were purposefully selected as snowball samples. The research tool was a semi-structured interview, which continued until theoretical saturation was reached. For the validity and reliability of the research, the acceptability, transferability, and confirmability method was used, and the reliability was obtained at 77% in the retest. Results: Through the review and analysis of the interviews, 39 codes were identified in the form of 8 concepts in the axis of external conditions, 30 codes in the form of 6 concepts under contextual conditions, 20 codes in the form of 4 concepts under interventionist conditions, 44 codes in the form of 9 concepts in the axis of strategies, 36 codes in the form of 7 concepts related to consequences, and 24 codes in the form of 2 concepts related to the central phenomenon of identification. Conclusion: The research results showed that factors such as media development, the importance of sports in the media, media position development,cultural exchange in the media, theoretical foundation production in the media,the diplomatic nature of the media, enrichment of leisure time, and other factors played an important role in the media's role in sports diplomacy in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

https://jsm.ut.ac.ir/article_97982_235227670839160ab510cd0cf76cdf30.pdf

University of Tehran Sport Management Journal 2008-9341 16 3 2024 09 22 Security Status of the Infrastructures of Iranian Football Stadiums with Emphasis on Technology Security Status of the Infrastructures of Iranian Football Stadiums with Emphasis on Technology 48 36 97984 10.22059/jsm.2022.324720.2733 FA Tohid Abdali Department of Sport Management, Central Tehran Branch of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 0009-0002-4761-2154 Mohammad Reza Esmaeili Department of Sport Management, Central Tehran Branch of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Zinat Nikaeen Department of Sport Management, Central Tehran Branch of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2021 06 14 Introduction: The purpose of this study was to explain the security status of the infrastructures of Iranian football stadiums with emphasis on technology. Methods: The present study was applied - descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the study was the experts in holding the matches of the Iranian Football Premier League, who in total, 120 people answered the modified questionnaire on the security of football stadiums by Faraji (2014). Data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics, one-sample T-test (p≤ 0.05) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) methods. Results: According to the results, stadium infrastructure (p< 0.05 and t = 8.82) is one of the important factors in securing football stadiums and technology (p< 0.05 and t = 10.81) and stadium design and construction (p< 0.05 and t = 9.27) with factor loads 0.84 and 0.75, respectively, are two sub-factors related to infrastructure that are effective in creating stadium security. According to the results, the status of infrastructure and technology factors was lower than average and the factor of design and construction evaluated as average. Conclusion: Based on the results, the condition of the infrastructure of the country's football stadiums in terms of technology is not appropriate and it is suggested to football officials to prioritize the infrastructure of this sport in order to improve the security of football stadiums. Also, in the reconstruction or construction of new stadiums, pay attention to the design and construction of the stadium and the use of advanced security technologies in their construction, control and administration. Introduction: The purpose of this study was to explain the security status of the infrastructures of Iranian football stadiums with emphasis on technology. Methods: The present study was applied - descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the study was the experts in holding the matches of the Iranian Football Premier League, who in total, 120 people answered the modified questionnaire on the security of football stadiums by Faraji (2014). Data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics, one-sample T-test (p≤ 0.05) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) methods. Results: According to the results, stadium infrastructure (p< 0.05 and t = 8.82) is one of the important factors in securing football stadiums and technology (p< 0.05 and t = 10.81) and stadium design and construction (p< 0.05 and t = 9.27) with factor loads 0.84 and 0.75, respectively, are two sub-factors related to infrastructure that are effective in creating stadium security. According to the results, the status of infrastructure and technology factors was lower than average and the factor of design and construction evaluated as average. Conclusion: Based on the results, the condition of the infrastructure of the country's football stadiums in terms of technology is not appropriate and it is suggested to football officials to prioritize the infrastructure of this sport in order to improve the security of football stadiums. Also, in the reconstruction or construction of new stadiums, pay attention to the design and construction of the stadium and the use of advanced security technologies in their construction, control and administration.

https://jsm.ut.ac.ir/article_97984_fc530d05bb2094f3972644b765d3c7c2.pdf

University of Tehran Sport Management Journal 2008-9341 16 3 2024 09 22 Future Studies of Sports Tourism in Iran Future Studies of Sports Tourism in Iran 63 49 86472 10.22059/jsm.2022.336248.2871 FA Samaneh Haghighat Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Islamic Azad University of Hamedan, Hamedan, Iran Ali Saberi Department of Management and Accounting, Faculty of Management and Accounting, College of Farabi, University of Tehran, Qom, Iran 0000-0001-8839-6772 Ghodratollah Bagheri Ragheb Department of Management and Accounting, Faculty of Management and Accounting, College of Farabi, University of Tehran, Qom, Iran Gholamreza Khaksari Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Islamic Azad University of Hamedan , Hamedan, Iran Journal Article 2021 12 26 Introduction: The present study aimed at investigating and designing a model for developing sports tourism in Iran. Methods: The research methodology applied is combined of both qualitative and quantitative ones. In the qualitative part, open interviews were done with 12 professors and experts in the field of sports who were selected based on a snowball- judgmental method. The data were collected through considering the previous studies and conducting open interviews. In the part devoted to the quantitative study, expert-qualifier and matrix questionnaires were used. In order to assess the face and content validity of the tools and hypotheses, the findings of the study were given to the participants and after they studied the text of the theories, their comments were collected and applied. Results from expert-qualifier questionnaire showed that 15 key factors affect sport tourism in Iran. Results: Among all the factors, those of local considerations and international relations had the greatest effects on sport tourism. Based on these and the two major factors, 4 different scenarios were presented for the future of sport tourism in Iran; resilient development, the darkness of sport tourism, fragile development and ideal development. According to the ideal development which shows the best possible state for sport tourism, a very proper condition for it would be provided through overcoming international restraints and devising plans based on local and regional capacities. The darkness of sport tourism shows the worst state for it and can only come about due to foreign pressures and restrictions and lack of national efforts for advancing the conditions of sport tourism. Conclusion: Finally, it is suggested that through identifying the best scenario, it would be possible to make necessary plans in order for the sport tourism to thrive and expand in Iran. Introduction: The present study aimed at investigating and designing a model for developing sports tourism in Iran. Methods: The research methodology applied is combined of both qualitative and quantitative ones. In the qualitative part, open interviews were done with 12 professors and experts in the field of sports who were selected based on a snowball- judgmental method. The data were collected through considering the previous studies and conducting open interviews. In the part devoted to the quantitative study, expert-qualifier and matrix questionnaires were used. In order to assess the face and content validity of the tools and hypotheses, the findings of the study were given to the participants and after they studied the text of the theories, their comments were collected and applied. Results from expert-qualifier questionnaire showed that 15 key factors affect sport tourism in Iran. Results: Among all the factors, those of local considerations and international relations had the greatest effects on sport tourism. Based on these and the two major factors, 4 different scenarios were presented for the future of sport tourism in Iran; resilient development, the darkness of sport tourism, fragile development and ideal development. According to the ideal development which shows the best possible state for sport tourism, a very proper condition for it would be provided through overcoming international restraints and devising plans based on local and regional capacities. The darkness of sport tourism shows the worst state for it and can only come about due to foreign pressures and restrictions and lack of national efforts for advancing the conditions of sport tourism. Conclusion: Finally, it is suggested that through identifying the best scenario, it would be possible to make necessary plans in order for the sport tourism to thrive and expand in Iran.

https://jsm.ut.ac.ir/article_86472_6b9ad37c7ad4e6bc4f48a3c8e5b13e87.pdf

University of Tehran Sport Management Journal 2008-9341 16 3 2024 09 22 Pathology of Iranian Sports Legal Cases in International Courts Pathology of Iranian Sports Legal Cases in International Courts 79 64 90633 10.22059/jsm.2023.351797.3065 FA Amir Sedighi Department of Sport Sciences and health, Alborz Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Ebrahim Alidoust Qahfarokhi Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-8909-7122 Amin Dehghan Ghahfarokhi Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2022 11 30 Introduction: In recent years, the number of complaint cases against Iranian sports organizations, federations and clubs in Jurisdictions has increased significantly, and the vast majority they ended with the defeat of the Iranian side. So, the purpose of this study was to identify pathology of Iranian Sports Legal Cases in International Courts. Methods: This research is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in nature, which was carried out using thematic analysis approach. The statistical population of the research included experts in the field of sports law who were aware of international sports legal cases, who were selected in a convenience and judgmental manner, and fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted until theoretical saturation was reached. Results: Based on the conducted interviews, finally 81 items in the form of 24 sub-categories and 8 main categories including negotiation, contract, contract implementation, complaints, corruption and lack of supervision, managerial atmosphere in Sport, legal structure and international legal environment in sports were identified and categorized. Conclusion: Improving the awareness and attitude of stakeholders regarding sports law and revising the legal structure of sports in the country based on international experiences and appropriate punishment of offences can increase the success rate in international sports legal cases in the long term. Introduction: In recent years, the number of complaint cases against Iranian sports organizations, federations and clubs in Jurisdictions has increased significantly, and the vast majority they ended with the defeat of the Iranian side. So, the purpose of this study was to identify pathology of Iranian Sports Legal Cases in International Courts. Methods: This research is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in nature, which was carried out using thematic analysis approach. The statistical population of the research included experts in the field of sports law who were aware of international sports legal cases, who were selected in a convenience and judgmental manner, and fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted until theoretical saturation was reached. Results: Based on the conducted interviews, finally 81 items in the form of 24 sub-categories and 8 main categories including negotiation, contract, contract implementation, complaints, corruption and lack of supervision, managerial atmosphere in Sport, legal structure and international legal environment in sports were identified and categorized. Conclusion: Improving the awareness and attitude of stakeholders regarding sports law and revising the legal structure of sports in the country based on international experiences and appropriate punishment of offences can increase the success rate in international sports legal cases in the long term.

https://jsm.ut.ac.ir/article_90633_ab53888adf916589cf6d457a8fa20a10.pdf

University of Tehran Sport Management Journal 2008-9341 16 3 2024 09 22 Designing a Knowledge Management Model for the Municipality Sports Organization of Tehran Designing a Knowledge Management Model for the Municipality Sports Organization of Tehran 97 80 89532 10.22059/jsm.2022.334647.2858 FA Akbar Dindar Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch, Sari, Iran Vahid Shojaei Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch, Sari, Iran Mohammad Hami Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch, Sari, Iran Journal Article 2021 12 26 Introduction: This study was conducted with the aim of designing a knowledge management model in Tehran Municipality Sports Organization using the qualitative method of grounded theory with Strauss and Corbin approach. Methods: The statistical population of the study included knowledge management experts and executive managers of the Municipal Sports Organization who were selected using purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews to reach theoretical saturation. For data analysis, three stages of open, axial and selective coding were used, which resulted in a total of 58 open codes and in five categories of causal conditions (organizational culture, technology infrastructure, long-term investment, road map). Results:contextual conditions (support of senior managers, organizational life cycle, skilled manpower and dispersion of organizational centers), intervening conditions (role of governance, material and intellectual property rights and competitors), strategies (human resource empowerment, knowledge-based organization, strategy implementation Knowledge management, reward system redesign and structure redesign) and outcomes (improved decision making, development and creation of new knowledge, increased creativity and innovation and identification) were categorized. Conclusion: Due to the fact that today, the atmosphere of the organization has changed from its traditional form to knowledge-based, so sports organizations, including the Tehran Municipality Sports Organization, must adapt to these changes and adjust their knowledge management strategies. Introduction: This study was conducted with the aim of designing a knowledge management model in Tehran Municipality Sports Organization using the qualitative method of grounded theory with Strauss and Corbin approach. Methods: The statistical population of the study included knowledge management experts and executive managers of the Municipal Sports Organization who were selected using purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews to reach theoretical saturation. For data analysis, three stages of open, axial and selective coding were used, which resulted in a total of 58 open codes and in five categories of causal conditions (organizational culture, technology infrastructure, long-term investment, road map). Results:contextual conditions (support of senior managers, organizational life cycle, skilled manpower and dispersion of organizational centers), intervening conditions (role of governance, material and intellectual property rights and competitors), strategies (human resource empowerment, knowledge-based organization, strategy implementation Knowledge management, reward system redesign and structure redesign) and outcomes (improved decision making, development and creation of new knowledge, increased creativity and innovation and identification) were categorized. Conclusion: Due to the fact that today, the atmosphere of the organization has changed from its traditional form to knowledge-based, so sports organizations, including the Tehran Municipality Sports Organization, must adapt to these changes and adjust their knowledge management strategies.

https://jsm.ut.ac.ir/article_89532_2cf4836072ef0aa894e94fbdb4e430c3.pdf

University of Tehran Sport Management Journal 2008-9341 16 3 2024 09 22 The Impact of Digital Marketing Mix on Sporting Stores ’Customers Behavioral Tendencies with the Mediating Role of Customer Relationship Quality The Impact of Digital Marketing Mix on Sporting Stores ’Customers Behavioral Tendencies with the Mediating Role of Customer Relationship Quality 116 98 91898 10.22059/jsm.2023.344654.2976 FA Majid Kavand Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran Farnaz Fakhri Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran Fariba Askarian Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2022 06 18 Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of digital marketing mix on the behavioral tendencies of customers in sports stores in Markazi province with the mediating role of customer relationship quality. Methods: The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the relationships of variables. The statistical population of the study included customers of sports stores in Markazi province and 443 customers were selected as a statistical sample by purposive and available sampling. Data collection tools included a researcher-made digital marketing mix questionnaire; a standard customer relationship quality adapted questionnaire by Niadzaio and Khajehzadeh (2016), and a Behavioral Tendency Questionnaire by Lin (2006) and Kim & Lee (2008). The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by experts, and the construct validity was confirmed using factor analysis. Also, their reliability was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.88, 0.96, and 0.95. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics and structural equation modeling using SPSS and LISREL software. Results: The results showed that the digital marketing mix has a significant effect on behavioral tendencies and customer relationship quality of sports stores in Markazi province; Also, the digital marketing mix with the mediating role of customer relationship quality was influential on the behavioral tendencies of customers in sports stores in Markazi province. Conclusion: As a result, it can be said that store and business owners, can use the positive effects of digital marketing mixed to improve the behavioral tendencies of customers, along with using the advantages of the customer relationship quality to increase the competitiveness of their business. Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of digital marketing mix on the behavioral tendencies of customers in sports stores in Markazi province with the mediating role of customer relationship quality. Methods: The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the relationships of variables. The statistical population of the study included customers of sports stores in Markazi province and 443 customers were selected as a statistical sample by purposive and available sampling. Data collection tools included a researcher-made digital marketing mix questionnaire; a standard customer relationship quality adapted questionnaire by Niadzaio and Khajehzadeh (2016), and a Behavioral Tendency Questionnaire by Lin (2006) and Kim & Lee (2008). The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by experts, and the construct validity was confirmed using factor analysis. Also, their reliability was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.88, 0.96, and 0.95. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics and structural equation modeling using SPSS and LISREL software. Results: The results showed that the digital marketing mix has a significant effect on behavioral tendencies and customer relationship quality of sports stores in Markazi province; Also, the digital marketing mix with the mediating role of customer relationship quality was influential on the behavioral tendencies of customers in sports stores in Markazi province. Conclusion: As a result, it can be said that store and business owners, can use the positive effects of digital marketing mixed to improve the behavioral tendencies of customers, along with using the advantages of the customer relationship quality to increase the competitiveness of their business.

https://jsm.ut.ac.ir/article_91898_c9c5118c38a13fb03bd2f09bff52ad09.pdf

University of Tehran Sport Management Journal 2008-9341 16 3 2024 09 22 Designing an Interpretative Structural Model of Factors Affecting the Accountability of Managers of Sports Organizations Designing an Interpretative Structural Model of Factors Affecting the Accountability of Managers of Sports Organizations 133 117 91734 10.22059/jsm.2023.351058.3068 FA Zeinab Masoumi Jadid Ph.D candidate of sport management of Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad university Ali Mohammad Safania Sport Management Department, Human Science Faculty, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Reza Nikbaksh south tehran Mohsen Baghrian Sport Management Department, Human Science Faculty, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2022 12 06 Introduction: The purpose of this research was to design an interpretative structural model of factors affecting the accountability of managers of sports organizations. Methods: The method of this research was mixed and its design was exploratory. The statistical population of this research was made up of experts (headquarters of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, National Olympic Committee, National Paralympic Committee and heads of sports federations), 17 of them were selected purposefully and based on theoretical saturation. . A semi-structured interview was used to collect data in a qualitative study, and a questionnaire was used to collect information in a quantitative study. In order to check the quality and validity of the findings, the audit of validity, transferability, reliability and verifiability was used, and to analyze the data of the qualitative study, coding was used, and the structural-interpretive analysis method was used for the quantitative study. Results: As a result of qualitative data analysis, 12 effective factors on the accountability of managers of sports organizations were identified, and as a result of quantitative data analysis, these factors were categorized into five levels, and the variables of individual context, clarification and disambiguation were identified, awareness and enforcement of rights and specialized field are among the most fundamental layer. Conclusion: The results show that in order to move on the complex path of accountability of managers of sports organizations, individual and specialized capacity must be created at the beginning and at the same time, attention should be paid to informing and enforcing rights, as well as clarifying and removing ambiguity. Introduction: The purpose of this research was to design an interpretative structural model of factors affecting the accountability of managers of sports organizations. Methods: The method of this research was mixed and its design was exploratory. The statistical population of this research was made up of experts (headquarters of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, National Olympic Committee, National Paralympic Committee and heads of sports federations), 17 of them were selected purposefully and based on theoretical saturation. . A semi-structured interview was used to collect data in a qualitative study, and a questionnaire was used to collect information in a quantitative study. In order to check the quality and validity of the findings, the audit of validity, transferability, reliability and verifiability was used, and to analyze the data of the qualitative study, coding was used, and the structural-interpretive analysis method was used for the quantitative study. Results: As a result of qualitative data analysis, 12 effective factors on the accountability of managers of sports organizations were identified, and as a result of quantitative data analysis, these factors were categorized into five levels, and the variables of individual context, clarification and disambiguation were identified, awareness and enforcement of rights and specialized field are among the most fundamental layer. Conclusion: The results show that in order to move on the complex path of accountability of managers of sports organizations, individual and specialized capacity must be created at the beginning and at the same time, attention should be paid to informing and enforcing rights, as well as clarifying and removing ambiguity.

https://jsm.ut.ac.ir/article_91734_62ebc32d6100b82cc20783a1506ab8bd.pdf

University of Tehran Sport Management Journal 2008-9341 16 3 2024 09 22 The Effect of Visual Advertisements on the Evaluation of the Messages in Cause-Related Sport Marketing The Effect of Visual Advertisements on the Evaluation of the Messages in Cause-Related Sport Marketing 153 134 92723 10.22059/jsm.2023.354137.3106 FA Sardar Mohammadi Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Kurdistan, Iran Mohammad Kazem Azami Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Kurdistan, Iran Mojtaba Ghasemi Siani Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Kurdistan, Iran Journal Article 2023 01 23 Introduction: The purpose of the present research was to investigate the effect of visual advertisements on the evaluation of the messages in cause-related sport marketing. The statistical population of the research was all students of University of Kurdistan in Iran, and a total of 140 students were selected as a statistical sample for data collection using simple random sampling method. Methods: The research method was semi experimental and 2x2 factorial designs. In order to measure the variables of attitude and intention to participate in sports-related marketing, a questionnaire was used and descriptive statistics and inferential method (ANOVA) were used to analyze the data Results: The findings showed that there is no difference between the two types of messages, in terms of their effect on people's attitudes towards cause-related sport marketing, but there is a significant difference between the effect of the messages of participation in the cause and social cause on the intention to participate in cause-related marketing. Conclusion: the results showed that the type of advertising image (cause-oriented / product-oriented) in this regard as a moderator has no effect on the influence of the type of message (participation in a cause/ social cause) on the attitude and intention to participate in cause-related sport marketing. Introduction: The purpose of the present research was to investigate the effect of visual advertisements on the evaluation of the messages in cause-related sport marketing. The statistical population of the research was all students of University of Kurdistan in Iran, and a total of 140 students were selected as a statistical sample for data collection using simple random sampling method. Methods: The research method was semi experimental and 2x2 factorial designs. In order to measure the variables of attitude and intention to participate in sports-related marketing, a questionnaire was used and descriptive statistics and inferential method (ANOVA) were used to analyze the data Results: The findings showed that there is no difference between the two types of messages, in terms of their effect on people's attitudes towards cause-related sport marketing, but there is a significant difference between the effect of the messages of participation in the cause and social cause on the intention to participate in cause-related marketing. Conclusion: the results showed that the type of advertising image (cause-oriented / product-oriented) in this regard as a moderator has no effect on the influence of the type of message (participation in a cause/ social cause) on the attitude and intention to participate in cause-related sport marketing.

https://jsm.ut.ac.ir/article_92723_de2f92ea912b2314721da5102aa351fd.pdf

University of Tehran Sport Management Journal 2008-9341 16 3 2024 09 22 Identifying and Examining the Strengths and Weaknesses of Legal Policy Making in the Field of Championship Sports for Persons with Disabilities Identifying and Examining the Strengths and Weaknesses of Legal Policy Making in the Field of Championship Sports for Persons with Disabilities 171 154 93217 10.22059/jsm.2023.358800.3139 FA Fatemeh Naderian Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Chmran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranAhvaz, Iran. Behnam Naghipour Givi Department of Sport Management, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran Sedighe Heydarinejad Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Amin Khatibi Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Journal Article 2023 05 05 Introduction: The aim of the current research was to identify and examine the strengths and weaknesses of legal policy making in the field of championship sports for persons with disabilities. Methods: This research was applied in terms of purpose and qualitative type, which was carried out by thematic analysis method. The statistical research community of all officials of the National Paralympic Committee, Sports Federation for the Disable persons, Blind Sports Federation, Sports management experts familiar with the sport of persons with disabilities, experts in sports law and sports champions with disabilities. Sampling was done purposefully and by snowball method. The data collection tool was a depth semi-structured interview. The data was saturated after conducting 16 interviews, but to increase the confidence factor, 3 more interviews were conducted and analyzed (n =19). Results: The findings showed that the legal policies made in the field of championship sports for persons with disabilities are placed in 6 areas, which include: legislative, executive, financial, media, cultural and structural areas. According to the results of the present study, it seems despite the positive results and obtaining favorable results in international and global competitions, the negative points of policies have been more than its positive points. Conclusion: Therefore, it demands that the policy makers, in different areas of policy making, pay more attention to the negative points in order to maintain and improve the status of the championship sport of persons with disabilities in the world. Introduction: The aim of the current research was to identify and examine the strengths and weaknesses of legal policy making in the field of championship sports for persons with disabilities. Methods: This research was applied in terms of purpose and qualitative type, which was carried out by thematic analysis method. The statistical research community of all officials of the National Paralympic Committee, Sports Federation for the Disable persons, Blind Sports Federation, Sports management experts familiar with the sport of persons with disabilities, experts in sports law and sports champions with disabilities. Sampling was done purposefully and by snowball method. The data collection tool was a depth semi-structured interview. The data was saturated after conducting 16 interviews, but to increase the confidence factor, 3 more interviews were conducted and analyzed (n =19). Results: The findings showed that the legal policies made in the field of championship sports for persons with disabilities are placed in 6 areas, which include: legislative, executive, financial, media, cultural and structural areas. According to the results of the present study, it seems despite the positive results and obtaining favorable results in international and global competitions, the negative points of policies have been more than its positive points. Conclusion: Therefore, it demands that the policy makers, in different areas of policy making, pay more attention to the negative points in order to maintain and improve the status of the championship sport of persons with disabilities in the world.

https://jsm.ut.ac.ir/article_93217_51d748d40d1cee64a40050b236eab1d0.pdf