دانشکده تربیت بدنی دانشگاه تهران نشریه مدیریت ورزشی 2008-9341 دانشکده تربیت بدنی دانشگاه تهران 125 10.22059/jsm.2019.207085.1637 مقاله پژوهشی تحلیل عاملی عوامل مؤثر بر تجاری‌سازی تحقیقات مدیریت ورزشی تحلیل عاملی عوامل موثر بر تجاری سازی تحقیقات مدیریت ورزشی کشاورز لقمان استاد گروه مدیریت ورزشی دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران فراهانی ابوالفضل استاد گروه مدیریت ورزشی دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران علیزاده گلریزی ابوالفضل دکتری مدیریت ورزشی، تهران، ایران 22 12 2018 10 4 595 611 24 05 2016 04 09 2016 Copyright © 2018, دانشکده تربیت بدنی دانشگاه تهران. 2018 https://jsm.ut.ac.ir/article_71725.html

هدف از پژوهش حاضر تحلیل عاملی عوامل مؤثر بر تجاری‌سازی تحقیقات مدیریت ورزشی بود. تحقیق حاضر از نظر هدف تحقیق جزء تحقیقات کاربردی بود که به‌صورت توصیفی تحلیلی انجام گرفت. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش اعضای هیأت علمی و دانشجویان دورۀ دکتری رشتۀ مدیریت ورزشی دانشگاه‌های آزاد و دولتی سراسر کشور بود که 1050 نفر تخمین زده شد که 257 نفر به‌عنوان نمونه به‌صورت تصادفی انتخاب شدند. برای گردآوری داده‌های پژوهش از پرسشنامۀ محقق‌ساخته 50 سؤالی استفاده شد که روایی صوری و محتوایی آن به تأیید 20 تن از استادان مدیریت ورزشی رسید و به‌منظور روایی سازه از تحلیل عاملی تأییدی استفاده شد. پایایی آن با استفاده از آزمون آلفای کرونباخ در مطالعۀ مقدماتی 0.763 به‌دست آمد. برای تحلیل داده‌ها از روش‌های آماری توصیفی و استنباطی از جمله فریدمن و تحلیل عاملی تأییدی و اکتشافی با کمک دو نرم‌افزار SPSS و AMOS استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد برای تجاری‌سازی تحقیقات مدیریت ورزشی به‌ترتیب اولویت هفت عامل توانمندی‌های محقق، راهبردهای آموزشی و تحقیقاتی، زیرساخت‌ها، مالی، شخصیتی و فرهنگی، سیاست‌ها و شبکه‌سازی وجود دارد.

 تجاری‌سازی تحلیل عاملی تحقیقات مدیریت ورزشی تحقیقات دانشگاهی Baldini, N., Grimaldi, R., & Sobrero, M. (2006). Institutional changes and the commercialization of academic knowledge: A study of Italian universities, patenting activities between 1965 and 2002. Research Policy, 35, 518- 532. Downie, J. (2006). The Power of Money: Commercialisation of Research Conducted in Public Institutions. Journal of Otago Law Review, 11(2), 305-324. Etzkowitz, H. (2003). Research groups as ‘quasi-firms’: The invention of the entrepreneurial university. Research Policy, 32, 109-121. Ktepe, G. D. (2004). Mechanisms for Transferring University Research Results to Industry: Licensing And University Start-Up. Division of Innovation-LTH Lund University, Sweden. Dastoom, S., Ramezaninejad, R., Banar, N., & Rasooli, R. (2013). Investigating the interaction between the academic environment and the sport industry in Iran based on document and structure analysis. Applied Research of Sports Management, 2(6), 91-108. [in Persian] Khosravi Zadeh, A., Heqadadi, A., & Kamankesh, A. (2015). Barriers and Solutions for the Relationship between Sports Industry and Higher Education Institutions in Markazi Province. Research in Sport Education (Academic), 3(8), 15-36. [in Persian] Saatchian, V. (2014). Patterns of Communication between Physical Education Schools and Sport Sciences and Sports Industry. Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, 97-99. [in Persian] Salter A, Bruneel J, (2009). Investigating the factors that diminish the barriers to university-industry collaboration. Paper to be presented at the Summer Conference on CBS – Copenhagen Business School. Sayadi E, Sharifian E, Tabrizi K (2012). Identification and prioritization of the barriers of relation between the manufacturing sector of the sport industry and universities in Iran. International Journal of Sport Studies, Vol., 2 (5), 243-249, 2012. Rostamzadeh, P., Sadeghi, H., Asari, A., & Yavari, K. (2014). Effect of government investment in sport sector on economic growth in Iran. Quarterly journal of economic research (sustainable growth and development), 14(2), 177-210. [in Persian] Naderi Khorshidi, A., Sharifian, I., & Ghahreman, K. (2012). Identifying Solutions for Improving Relationship Between Production Industry of Iran's Sports Industry. Industry & University, 18, 51-60. [in Persian] Galushko, V., & Sagynbekov, K. (2014). Commercialization of university research in Canada: What can we do better. International Journal of Business Administration, 5(5), 1-13. Yaghoubi, H., Chizari, M., Hosseini, M., & Sharifzadeh, A. (2015). Commercialization Strategies of Academic Research Findings in Agricultural Food Industries. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 12(49), 197-208. [in Persian] Abbasi, H., & Forouzandeh, L. (2015). Identify and Explanation the Factors that Affects in Commercialization of University Research Using Triangulation Model. Journal of Science and Technology Policy, 6(4), 33-46. [in Persian] Nandagopal, M. (2013). Commercializing technologies from universities and research institutes in India: Some insights from the US experience. Current Science, 104(2), 183-189. Jahed, H. & Arasteh, H. (2013). Outsourcing factors influencing Commercialization of Research Results. Research and Planning in Higher Education, 68, 45-68. [in Persian] Mahmodpour, B., Rahimian, H., Abbaspour, A., & Delaware, A. (2012). Analyzing the Challenges of Commercialization of Human Sciences Researches and Presenting a Grounded Theory. Innovation and creativity in humanities, 2(2), 19-48. [in Persian] Hashemniya, S. (2009). The study of the effect of commercialization of academic research on the diversification of financial resources of universities and industrial colleges of the country. Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, 3-7. [in Persian] Habibpour, K., & Safari, R. (2009). Comprehensive SPSS Application Guide in Habib Pour Surveying Research. 2nd Published, Tehran, Motefakeran, 304-356. [in Persian] Wu, Y., Welch, E. W., & Huang, W. L. (2015). Commercialization of university inventions: Individual and institutional factors affecting licensing of university patents. Technovation, 36-37, 12-25. Nikulainen, T., & Tahvanainen, A. J. (2013). Commercialization of academic research: A comparison between researchers in U.S. and Finland. Elta, 8, 1-21. Farahani, A., Goodarzi, M., Azizian, N., & Ahmadi, A. A. (2009). The role of syllabus and content of physical education courses in the entrepreneurship of graduates of this field. Sport management (Harkat), 1(1), 203-223. [in Persian] Jahed, H., Arasteh, H., & Jaafari, P. (2011). Explaining of Individual Factors Influencing Commercialization of Research Results; The case of Islamic Azad University of Science and Research Branch. Journal of Science and Technology Policy, 4(1), 1-15. [in Persian] Etzkowitz, H., Webster, A., Gebhardt, C., Regina, B., & Terra, C. (2000). The future of the university and the university of the future: evolution of ivory tower to entrepreneurial paradigm. Research Policy, 29, 313–330. _||_ Baldini, N., Grimaldi, R., & Sobrero, M. (2006). Institutional changes and the commercialization of academic knowledge: A study of Italian universities, patenting activities between 1965 and 2002. Research Policy, 35, 518- 532. Downie, J. (2006). The Power of Money: Commercialisation of Research Conducted in Public Institutions. Journal of Otago Law Review, 11(2), 305-324. Etzkowitz, H. (2003). Research groups as ‘quasi-firms’: The invention of the entrepreneurial university. Research Policy, 32, 109-121. Ktepe, G. D. (2004). Mechanisms for Transferring University Research Results to Industry: Licensing And University Start-Up. Division of Innovation-LTH Lund University, Sweden. Dastoom, S., Ramezaninejad, R., Banar, N., & Rasooli, R. (2013). Investigating the interaction between the academic environment and the sport industry in Iran based on document and structure analysis. Applied Research of Sports Management, 2(6), 91-108. [in Persian] Khosravi Zadeh, A., Heqadadi, A., & Kamankesh, A. (2015). Barriers and Solutions for the Relationship between Sports Industry and Higher Education Institutions in Markazi Province. Research in Sport Education (Academic), 3(8), 15-36. [in Persian] Saatchian, V. (2014). Patterns of Communication between Physical Education Schools and Sport Sciences and Sports Industry. Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, 97-99. [in Persian] Salter A, Bruneel J, (2009). Investigating the factors that diminish the barriers to university-industry collaboration. Paper to be presented at the Summer Conference on CBS – Copenhagen Business School. Sayadi E, Sharifian E, Tabrizi K (2012). Identification and prioritization of the barriers of relation between the manufacturing sector of the sport industry and universities in Iran. International Journal of Sport Studies, Vol., 2 (5), 243-249, 2012. Rostamzadeh, P., Sadeghi, H., Asari, A., & Yavari, K. (2014). Effect of government investment in sport sector on economic growth in Iran. Quarterly journal of economic research (sustainable growth and development), 14(2), 177-210. [in Persian] Naderi Khorshidi, A., Sharifian, I., & Ghahreman, K. (2012). Identifying Solutions for Improving Relationship Between Production Industry of Iran's Sports Industry. Industry & University, 18, 51-60. [in Persian] Galushko, V., & Sagynbekov, K. (2014). Commercialization of university research in Canada: What can we do better. International Journal of Business Administration, 5(5), 1-13. Yaghoubi, H., Chizari, M., Hosseini, M., & Sharifzadeh, A. (2015). Commercialization Strategies of Academic Research Findings in Agricultural Food Industries. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 12(49), 197-208. [in Persian] Abbasi, H., & Forouzandeh, L. (2015). Identify and Explanation the Factors that Affects in Commercialization of University Research Using Triangulation Model. Journal of Science and Technology Policy, 6(4), 33-46. [in Persian] Nandagopal, M. (2013). Commercializing technologies from universities and research institutes in India: Some insights from the US experience. Current Science, 104(2), 183-189. Jahed, H. & Arasteh, H. (2013). Outsourcing factors influencing Commercialization of Research Results. Research and Planning in Higher Education, 68, 45-68. [in Persian] Mahmodpour, B., Rahimian, H., Abbaspour, A., & Delaware, A. (2012). Analyzing the Challenges of Commercialization of Human Sciences Researches and Presenting a Grounded Theory. Innovation and creativity in humanities, 2(2), 19-48. [in Persian] Hashemniya, S. (2009). The study of the effect of commercialization of academic research on the diversification of financial resources of universities and industrial colleges of the country. Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, 3-7. [in Persian] Habibpour, K., & Safari, R. (2009). Comprehensive SPSS Application Guide in Habib Pour Surveying Research. 2nd Published, Tehran, Motefakeran, 304-356. [in Persian] Wu, Y., Welch, E. W., & Huang, W. L. (2015). Commercialization of university inventions: Individual and institutional factors affecting licensing of university patents. Technovation, 36-37, 12-25. Nikulainen, T., & Tahvanainen, A. J. (2013). Commercialization of academic research: A comparison between researchers in U.S. and Finland. Elta, 8, 1-21. Farahani, A., Goodarzi, M., Azizian, N., & Ahmadi, A. A. (2009). The role of syllabus and content of physical education courses in the entrepreneurship of graduates of this field. Sport management (Harkat), 1(1), 203-223. [in Persian] Jahed, H., Arasteh, H., & Jaafari, P. (2011). Explaining of Individual Factors Influencing Commercialization of Research Results; The case of Islamic Azad University of Science and Research Branch. Journal of Science and Technology Policy, 4(1), 1-15. [in Persian] Etzkowitz, H., Webster, A., Gebhardt, C., Regina, B., & Terra, C. (2000). The future of the university and the university of the future: evolution of ivory tower to entrepreneurial paradigm. Research Policy, 29, 313–330.
دانشکده تربیت بدنی دانشگاه تهران نشریه مدیریت ورزشی 2008-9341 دانشکده تربیت بدنی دانشگاه تهران 125 10.22059/jsm.2019.225135.1764 مقاله پژوهشی استاندارد سازی پرسشنامه بازاریابی عصبی در ورزش استاندارد سازی پرسشنامه بازاریابی عصبی در ورزش دانش ثانی کاظم دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی علوم و تحقیقات تهران صفانیا علی محمد استاد دانشگاه آزاد واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران پورسلطانی زرندی حسین دانشگاه پیام نور 22 12 2018 10 4 613 626 15 01 2017 07 03 2017 Copyright © 2018, دانشکده تربیت بدنی دانشگاه تهران. 2018 https://jsm.ut.ac.ir/article_71731.html

هدف از پژوهش حاضر استانداردسازی پرسشنامۀ بازاریابی عصبی در ورزش بود. جامعۀ آماری این پژوهش شامل مصرف‌کنندگان پوشاک ورزشی برندهای رایج در ایران شامل آدیداس، نایک، ریباک، پوما و مجید و روش نمونه‌گیری به‌صورت خوشه‌ای، غیرتصادفی و در دسترس بود. 384 نفر به‌عنوان نمونۀ آماری انتخاب شدند. برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از پرسشنامۀ محقق‌ساختۀ بازاریابی عصبی که مشتمل بر 32 سؤال بود استفاده شد. روش پژوهش از نوع توصیفی - تحلیلی و از لحاظ استراتژی آمیختۀمتوالی اکتشافی (کیفی- کمی) بود. روایی پرسشنامه با استفاده از نظرهای استادان مدیریت ورزشی به‌دست آمد. از شاخص‌های توصیفی و آزمون‌های آماری ضریب آلفای کرونباخ برای تعیین پایایی و تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و تأییدی برای تعیین روایی سازه استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد مقدار KMO برابر با 87/0 است. با توجه به مقدار (21=df ؛ 59/3483=x2) می‌توان گفت بین عامل‌ها، همبستگی وجود دارد. همچنین، توان پیشگویی این مدل براساس مجموع واریانس عامل‌ها برابر با 33/68 درصد است. نتایج تحلیل عاملی تأییدی نشان داد شاخـص‌های نسبت x2 به df (77/2)، 068/0=RMSEA،94/0=NFI، 95/0=CFI، 95/0=IFI،  90/0= AGFI و 95/0=GFI، برازش مدل را تأیید کردند. همچنین در خصوص روابط عامل‌ها با مفهوم بازاریابی عصبی 96/1± = T-value نشان داد تمامی عامل‌ها با مفهوم بازاریابی عصبی رابطۀ قابل قبولی داشتند. پرسشنامۀ بازاریابی عصبی مقیاسی قابل اطمینان و معتبری است که از طریق آن می‌توان نتایج پایا و باثباتی به‌دست آورد.

 "استاندارد سازی" "بازاریابی" "بازاریابی عصبی" "پرسشنامه" " ورزش" 1. Zurawicki, L. (2011). Book Review: "Neuromarketing: Exploring the Brain of the Consumer ". Internal Journal of Market Research. PP: 53, 287-288. 2. Yoon, C., Gonzalez, R., Bechara, A., Berns, G., Dagher,    A., Dube, L. (2012). "Decision neuroscience and consumer decision making". Market Lett. PP: 23: 473–85. 3. Achrol, R.S., & Kotler, P. (2012). "Frontiers of the marketing paradigm in the third millennium". Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(1), 35-52. 4. Kotler, Ph., Armstrong, G. (1999). "Principles of marketing". 8th ed. Entesharat jahan no. 5. Morin, C. (2011). "Neuromarketing: The New Science of Consumer Behavior". Society, 48(2), 131-135. doi: 10.1007/s12115-010-9408-1. 6. Barahoyi, Sh., Hosseini, A. (2013). Neuromarketing and Role neuromarketing in new banking. http://MarketingArticles.ir (In Persian). 7. Lima Cruz, C.M., de Medeiros, J.F., Rodrigues Hermes, L.C., Marcon, A., Marcon, E. (2016)." Neuromarketing and the advances in the consumer behaviour studies: a systematic review of the literature". Int. J. Business and Globalisation, Vol. 17, No. 3. , PP: 145-153. 8. Karmarkar, U.R., Shiv, B., Knutson, B. (2015). "Cost conscious? The neural and behavioral impact of price primacy on decision-making", Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 56, No. 4, PP: 467–481. 9. Karmarkar, U. (2011). "Note on Neuromarketing. Harvard Business School Marketing Unit Case". 39(2), 78-92. 10. Dargi, P. (2013). "Neuromarking; Theory and Application". Tehran. Entesharat bazaryab (In Persian). 11. Klincekova, S. (2016)." Neuromarketing – research and prediction of the future". International Journal of Management Science and Business Administration Vol. 2, Issue 2. PP: 53-57. 12. Boghosian, Z.h., Jozi, A. (2013). "Neuromarketing 21 new ways to encourage customers to buy". Tehran (In Persian). 13. Chen, Y., Nelson, L., Hsu, M. (2015). "From ‘Where’ to ‘What’: Distributed Representations of Brand Associations in the Human Brain". J. Mark. Res.PP: 45-86. 14. Hsu, M., Yoon, C. (2015). "The neuroscience of consumer choice. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences". (5):116–121. 15. Bakardjieva, E., Allan, J.K. (2016). "Neuromarketing Research Practices: Attitudes, Ethics, and Behavioral Intentions". Journal of Ethics & Behavior. Vol. 8, No. 3, PP: 1-22. 16. Renvoise, P. (2007). "Neuromarketing: Understanding the Buy Buttons in Your Customer's Brain". Thomas Nelson Inc. 17. Clark, K. (2015). "The Future of Neuromarketing". Available at http://merchantmevhanics/2015/01/1.the-future-of-neuromarketing/ (accessed 30 January 2016). 18. Genco, S.J., Pohlmann, A.P., Steidl, P. (2013). "Neuromarketing for Dummies, For Dummies, New Jersey, NJ". 40(5), 52-63. 19. Krajnovic, A., Sikiric, D., Jasic, D. (2012). "NEUROMARKETING AND CUSTOMERS' FREE WILL" .Proceedings of the 13th International Conference, Budapest, 22–24 November 2012. 20. Venkatraman, V., Dimoka, A., Paviou, P.A., VO, K., Hampton, W., Bollinger, B., Hershfield, H.E., Ishihara, M. and Winer, R.S. (2015). "Predicting advertising success beyond traditional measures: new insights from neurophysiological methods and market response modelling", Journal of Marketing Research, American Marketing Association, Vol. 52, No. 4, PP: 436-452. 21. Grabner, D.B., Huber, M. (2016). "The Effect of Neuromarketing Elements at the Pos on the Consumer’s Decision Making Process in the Retail Sector". Journal of Business and Economics. Vol. 7, No. 2, PP: 276-283._||_ 1. Zurawicki, L. (2011). Book Review: "Neuromarketing: Exploring the Brain of the Consumer ". Internal Journal of Market Research. PP: 53, 287-288. 2. Yoon, C., Gonzalez, R., Bechara, A., Berns, G., Dagher,    A., Dube, L. (2012). "Decision neuroscience and consumer decision making". Market Lett. PP: 23: 473–85. 3. Achrol, R.S., & Kotler, P. (2012). "Frontiers of the marketing paradigm in the third millennium". Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(1), 35-52. 4. Kotler, Ph., Armstrong, G. (1999). "Principles of marketing". 8th ed. Entesharat jahan no. 5. Morin, C. (2011). "Neuromarketing: The New Science of Consumer Behavior". Society, 48(2), 131-135. doi: 10.1007/s12115-010-9408-1. 6. Barahoyi, Sh., Hosseini, A. (2013). Neuromarketing and Role neuromarketing in new banking. http://MarketingArticles.ir (In Persian). 7. Lima Cruz, C.M., de Medeiros, J.F., Rodrigues Hermes, L.C., Marcon, A., Marcon, E. (2016)." Neuromarketing and the advances in the consumer behaviour studies: a systematic review of the literature". Int. J. Business and Globalisation, Vol. 17, No. 3. , PP: 145-153. 8. Karmarkar, U.R., Shiv, B., Knutson, B. (2015). "Cost conscious? The neural and behavioral impact of price primacy on decision-making", Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 56, No. 4, PP: 467–481. 9. Karmarkar, U. (2011). "Note on Neuromarketing. Harvard Business School Marketing Unit Case". 39(2), 78-92. 10. Dargi, P. (2013). "Neuromarking; Theory and Application". Tehran. Entesharat bazaryab (In Persian). 11. Klincekova, S. (2016)." Neuromarketing – research and prediction of the future". International Journal of Management Science and Business Administration Vol. 2, Issue 2. PP: 53-57. 12. Boghosian, Z.h., Jozi, A. (2013). "Neuromarketing 21 new ways to encourage customers to buy". Tehran (In Persian). 13. Chen, Y., Nelson, L., Hsu, M. (2015). "From ‘Where’ to ‘What’: Distributed Representations of Brand Associations in the Human Brain". J. Mark. Res.PP: 45-86. 14. Hsu, M., Yoon, C. (2015). "The neuroscience of consumer choice. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences". (5):116–121. 15. Bakardjieva, E., Allan, J.K. (2016). "Neuromarketing Research Practices: Attitudes, Ethics, and Behavioral Intentions". Journal of Ethics & Behavior. Vol. 8, No. 3, PP: 1-22. 16. Renvoise, P. (2007). "Neuromarketing: Understanding the Buy Buttons in Your Customer's Brain". Thomas Nelson Inc. 17. Clark, K. (2015). "The Future of Neuromarketing". Available at http://merchantmevhanics/2015/01/1.the-future-of-neuromarketing/ (accessed 30 January 2016). 18. Genco, S.J., Pohlmann, A.P., Steidl, P. (2013). "Neuromarketing for Dummies, For Dummies, New Jersey, NJ". 40(5), 52-63. 19. Krajnovic, A., Sikiric, D., Jasic, D. (2012). "NEUROMARKETING AND CUSTOMERS' FREE WILL" .Proceedings of the 13th International Conference, Budapest, 22–24 November 2012. 20. Venkatraman, V., Dimoka, A., Paviou, P.A., VO, K., Hampton, W., Bollinger, B., Hershfield, H.E., Ishihara, M. and Winer, R.S. (2015). "Predicting advertising success beyond traditional measures: new insights from neurophysiological methods and market response modelling", Journal of Marketing Research, American Marketing Association, Vol. 52, No. 4, PP: 436-452. 21. Grabner, D.B., Huber, M. (2016). "The Effect of Neuromarketing Elements at the Pos on the Consumer’s Decision Making Process in the Retail Sector". Journal of Business and Economics. Vol. 7, No. 2, PP: 276-283.
دانشکده تربیت بدنی دانشگاه تهران نشریه مدیریت ورزشی 2008-9341 دانشکده تربیت بدنی دانشگاه تهران 125 10.22059/jsm.2019.201698.1587 مقاله پژوهشی بازشناسی حوزه‌ها و زیرساخت‌های صنعت ورزش ایران بازشناسی حوزه‌ها و زیرساخت‌های صنعت ورزش ایران آقایی شهری ملیحه سادات دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت ورزشی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد معماری ژاله دانشیار دانشگاه الزهرا(س)، تهران سعادتی مهسا دانشیار مؤسسۀ مطالعات و مدیریت جامع و تخصصی جمعیت کشور، تهران 22 12 2018 10 4 627 645 26 04 2016 18 04 2017 Copyright © 2018, دانشکده تربیت بدنی دانشگاه تهران. 2018 https://jsm.ut.ac.ir/article_71724.html

هدف از این پژوهش بازشناسی حوزه‌ها و زیرساخت‌های صنعت ورزش ایران و تصمیمات مدیریتی مبتنی‌بر آن است. ابزار پژوهش پرسشنامۀ محقق‌ساخته با 71 گویه است که توسط پنج تن از خبرگان روایی محتوایی آن تأیید و با استفاده از روش آماری آلفای کرونباخ ضریب پایایی پرسشنامه مقدار 953/0 تعیین شد. از تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی برای اعتباریابی سازه‌ای، شناسایی حوزه‌ها و برآورد بارهای عاملی، استفاده شد. نمونه‌های پژوهش معادل 263 تن از گروه‌های چهارگانه (اعضای هیأت علمی، کارشناسان ورزشی، مربیان و ورزشکاران/قهرمانان) تعیین شد که این تعداد با توجه به روش تحلیل پژوهش که از نوع تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی است و شاخص کیفیت نمونه‌گیری 84/0=KMO، مناسب است. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها از میانگین، تحلیل واریانس و تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی تحت نرم‌افزار Spss نسخۀ 21 استفاده شد. حوزه‌های صنعت ورزش کشور شامل هجده مورد است، همچون اماکن و تأسیسات، سازمان‌های ورزشی، بازرگانی، رویداد، گردشگری، منابع انسانی، کالا و خدمات، بازاریابی، طب ورزش، فعالیت اقتصادی، دولت و... . بنابراین توجه به بارهای عاملی هر زیرساخت راهگشای مناسبی برای مدیران در تعیین تصمیمات و جایگاه هر حوزه و زیرساخت‌های مربوطه است، به‌طوری‌که مدیران قادر به شناسایی جایگاه هر حوزه برای برنامه‌ریزی و ارتقای آن خواهند بود.

 تحلیل عاملی دولت رویداد صنعت ورزش فعالیت اقتصادی Stotlar DK. Developing Successful Sport Marketing Plans, Morgantown. West Virginia University. 2009. Eschenfelder MJ, Li M. Economics of sport: Fitness Information Technology; 2007. Azar A. Classification of economic activities in Iran based onISIC-rav4. In: Iran SCo, editor. 20087-27. Inzelt A, Maria. the evolution of university_ industry_ government relationships during transition. research policy. 2004;33(67):975-95. Brenda G.Pitts D, Lawrence W.Fielding pD, Lori K.Miller ED. Industry Segmentation Theory and the sport Industry: Developing a Sport Industry. case studies in sport marketing. 1994:175-82. Pitts BG, stotlar DK. fundamental of sport marketing. 3 ed: Fitness Information Technology; 2007. Hosseini SS, Hamidi, Mehrzad, Rajabi Khourbani, Asieh, Sajjadi, Seyyed Nasrallah. Identifying the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of talent identification in the Islamic Republic of Iran championship sport and its bottlenecks and challenges. Sport Management Journal. 2013;5:54-292.(in persian). Hekmat Nia MK, Amrullah. Examples of Intellectual Property Rights in the Sports Industry. Islamic Law. 1388;23:127-58. (in persian). Tojjari FK, Mehdi; Khodayari, Abbas. Media Activity. Tehran: bamdadketab; 2008. (in persian). Foroughi Pour H. Evaluation and Mortality of the most important priorities of entrepreneurship in sport from the perspective of sports practitioners. Research in Sport Sciences. 2007;16. (in persian). Zohrabi F. SA, Roohom M., Mousavi S. Explain the role of different media as an effective instrument of economic mutation in sports sector. Trakia Journal of Science.12(4):372-8. Prayag G RC. The relationship between the ‘push’ and ‘pull’ factors of a tourist destination: the role of nationality - an analytical qualitative research approach. Current issues in tourism. 2005;14(2):43-121. Gozalova M, shchikanov, A., Vernogor, A & Bagdasarian, V. sport Tourism. Journal of sport and tourism. 2014;21(2):92-6. Ogunsiji AS. using sport in national development. 2000:83-97. Wuest DA, Bucher CA, Fisette J. Foundations of physical education, exercise science, and sport. 2003.137-138. Parsamehr M. The interaction between sport and economics. (2006):1-3 (in persian). Chaleshtari J, Moradi, Mohammad Reza; Alidoush Ghahfarahi, Ibrahim; Norouziyan, Soheila, Jafari, Akram The study of economic barriers affecting the attraction of foreign investment in the Islamic Republic of Iran Football industry. Journal of Sports Management. 2012;17. (in persian). Gerbing KT, A Handling of medical knowledge in sport: Athletes' medical opinions, information seeking behaviours and knowledge sources. European Journal of Sport Science. 2015;16(1):8-141. Torlakovic A, Muftic,M., Radjo,I & Talovic,M. Evolution of Sports-medical Team Management in the Program of Posture Correction in Children.Ifet Mahmutovic. Materia Socio Medica. 2014;26(2):104 Andreff, Wladimir, et al. Économie internationale du sport. 2010.29-30.‌ Zhang Kebai Li Wenjing CL. Nontrivial Stable Control Economic Model of Sports Facilities. TELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering. 2013;12(2):1313-9. Jackson R. Sport Administration Manual, Hurford Enterprises Ltd. Switzerland: IOC; 2001:7-17. Naseh M, Ghahreman, Tabrizi Cyrush, Sharifian, Ismail Identifying the Factors Affecting Sports Cooperatives. Physiology and Management Research. 2011;8:51-62. (in persian). Jalali Farahani MADQ, Ibrahim. Analysis of Economic Barriers Effective on the Implementation of General Principles of Article 44 of the Constitution in Iran's Professional Sport. Sport Management Studies. 2012;19:109-28. (in persian). padash, Donya; Khabiri, Mohammad; Fathi, Mohammad; Saeed. Determining and prioritizing managerial and executive factors affecting the privatization of sports clubs. International Congress of Science and Societies; National Academy of Football, Tehran2009. p.62-47. (in persian) Izadi A. Describe the Affecting Factors Affecting the Spectator Sponsorship of Iranian Professional Soccer Companies. Tehran, Iran: Tarbiat Moalem University; 2004:87-91. (in persian). Asgarian F, Faraji Dana, Ahmad, Goodarzi, Mahmoud, Jafari, Afshar The economic situation of Iran's sports industry in the years 1378-1380. journal of Harekat. 2004;24:25-43. (in persian). Farzinfar M. Entrepreneurship and Co-operation. Proceedings of the First National Conference on CooperativesEmployment and Development,; Yazd University2005. p. 84-53. (in persian). Boroumand MRH, Mehrali; Ramezani Nejad, Rahim; Razavi; Seyyed Mohammad Hussein; Malek Akhlagh, Ismail Examining Barriers to Employment of Physical Education Graduates and Iranian Sport Sciences. Research on sports management and motor behavior. 2011;14:51-72. (in persian). _||_ Stotlar DK. Developing Successful Sport Marketing Plans, Morgantown. West Virginia University. 2009. Eschenfelder MJ, Li M. Economics of sport: Fitness Information Technology; 2007. Azar A. Classification of economic activities in Iran based onISIC-rav4. In: Iran SCo, editor. 20087-27. Inzelt A, Maria. the evolution of university_ industry_ government relationships during transition. research policy. 2004;33(67):975-95. Brenda G.Pitts D, Lawrence W.Fielding pD, Lori K.Miller ED. Industry Segmentation Theory and the sport Industry: Developing a Sport Industry. case studies in sport marketing. 1994:175-82. Pitts BG, stotlar DK. fundamental of sport marketing. 3 ed: Fitness Information Technology; 2007. Hosseini SS, Hamidi, Mehrzad, Rajabi Khourbani, Asieh, Sajjadi, Seyyed Nasrallah. Identifying the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of talent identification in the Islamic Republic of Iran championship sport and its bottlenecks and challenges. Sport Management Journal. 2013;5:54-292.(in persian). Hekmat Nia MK, Amrullah. Examples of Intellectual Property Rights in the Sports Industry. Islamic Law. 1388;23:127-58. (in persian). Tojjari FK, Mehdi; Khodayari, Abbas. Media Activity. Tehran: bamdadketab; 2008. (in persian). Foroughi Pour H. Evaluation and Mortality of the most important priorities of entrepreneurship in sport from the perspective of sports practitioners. Research in Sport Sciences. 2007;16. (in persian). Zohrabi F. SA, Roohom M., Mousavi S. Explain the role of different media as an effective instrument of economic mutation in sports sector. Trakia Journal of Science.12(4):372-8. Prayag G RC. The relationship between the ‘push’ and ‘pull’ factors of a tourist destination: the role of nationality - an analytical qualitative research approach. Current issues in tourism. 2005;14(2):43-121. Gozalova M, shchikanov, A., Vernogor, A & Bagdasarian, V. sport Tourism. Journal of sport and tourism. 2014;21(2):92-6. Ogunsiji AS. using sport in national development. 2000:83-97. Wuest DA, Bucher CA, Fisette J. Foundations of physical education, exercise science, and sport. 2003.137-138. Parsamehr M. The interaction between sport and economics. (2006):1-3 (in persian). Chaleshtari J, Moradi, Mohammad Reza; Alidoush Ghahfarahi, Ibrahim; Norouziyan, Soheila, Jafari, Akram The study of economic barriers affecting the attraction of foreign investment in the Islamic Republic of Iran Football industry. Journal of Sports Management. 2012;17. (in persian). Gerbing KT, A Handling of medical knowledge in sport: Athletes' medical opinions, information seeking behaviours and knowledge sources. European Journal of Sport Science. 2015;16(1):8-141. Torlakovic A, Muftic,M., Radjo,I & Talovic,M. Evolution of Sports-medical Team Management in the Program of Posture Correction in Children.Ifet Mahmutovic. Materia Socio Medica. 2014;26(2):104 Andreff, Wladimir, et al. Économie internationale du sport. 2010.29-30.‌ Zhang Kebai Li Wenjing CL. Nontrivial Stable Control Economic Model of Sports Facilities. TELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering. 2013;12(2):1313-9. Jackson R. Sport Administration Manual, Hurford Enterprises Ltd. Switzerland: IOC; 2001:7-17. Naseh M, Ghahreman, Tabrizi Cyrush, Sharifian, Ismail Identifying the Factors Affecting Sports Cooperatives. Physiology and Management Research. 2011;8:51-62. (in persian). Jalali Farahani MADQ, Ibrahim. Analysis of Economic Barriers Effective on the Implementation of General Principles of Article 44 of the Constitution in Iran's Professional Sport. Sport Management Studies. 2012;19:109-28. (in persian). padash, Donya; Khabiri, Mohammad; Fathi, Mohammad; Saeed. Determining and prioritizing managerial and executive factors affecting the privatization of sports clubs. International Congress of Science and Societies; National Academy of Football, Tehran2009. p.62-47. (in persian) Izadi A. Describe the Affecting Factors Affecting the Spectator Sponsorship of Iranian Professional Soccer Companies. Tehran, Iran: Tarbiat Moalem University; 2004:87-91. (in persian). Asgarian F, Faraji Dana, Ahmad, Goodarzi, Mahmoud, Jafari, Afshar The economic situation of Iran's sports industry in the years 1378-1380. journal of Harekat. 2004;24:25-43. (in persian). Farzinfar M. Entrepreneurship and Co-operation. Proceedings of the First National Conference on CooperativesEmployment and Development,; Yazd University2005. p. 84-53. (in persian). Boroumand MRH, Mehrali; Ramezani Nejad, Rahim; Razavi; Seyyed Mohammad Hussein; Malek Akhlagh, Ismail Examining Barriers to Employment of Physical Education Graduates and Iranian Sport Sciences. Research on sports management and motor behavior. 2011;14:51-72. (in persian).
دانشکده تربیت بدنی دانشگاه تهران نشریه مدیریت ورزشی 2008-9341 دانشکده تربیت بدنی دانشگاه تهران 125 10.22059/jsm.2019.214194.1680 مقاله پژوهشی رابطۀ اعتماد سازمانی و مؤلفه‌های آن با خلاقیت در ادارات ورزش و جوانان: مطالعۀ موردی استان اردبیل رابطۀ اعتماد سازمانی و مؤلفه‌های آن با خلاقیت در ادارات ورزش و جوانان: مطالعۀ موردی استان اردبیل فعال آرمین دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه بابلسر، مازندران، ایران علی دوست قهفرخی ابراهیم دانشیار، مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران حاجی غیاثیان فهیمه دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران 22 12 2018 10 4 647 660 17 08 2016 23 04 2017 Copyright © 2018, دانشکده تربیت بدنی دانشگاه تهران. 2018 https://jsm.ut.ac.ir/article_71726.html

هدف اصلی تحقیق حاضر، بررسی رابطۀ اعتماد سازمانی و مؤلفه‌های آن با خلاقیت به‌عنوان یکی از عوامل مؤثر بر آن بود که در ادارات ورزش و جوانان استان اردبیل ارزیابی شد. روش تحقیق، توصیفی از نوع همبستگی بود که به شکل میدانی اجرا شد. جامعۀ آماری، تمامی کارمندان ادارۀ کل ورزش و جوانان استان و ادارات ورزش و جوانان واقع در شهرستان‌های استان اردبیل بودند که تعداد آنها 100 نفر بود و نمونه نیز برابر با تعداد جامعه به‌صورت تمام‌شمار در نظر گرفته شد.با توجه به اهداف پژوهش، از پرسشنامۀ اعتماد سازمانی وخلاقیتبرای گردآوری داده‌ها استفاده شد. پرسشنامه‌ها از پژوهششفیعی (1390) و نسیمی (1392) تهیه شد. روایی پرسشنامه‌ها با نظر استادان رشتۀ مدیریت ورزشی تأیید و برای تعیین پایایی آن از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد که ضریب پایایی اعتماد سازمانی 92/0 و خلاقیت 84/0 بود. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل آماری داده‌ها از آمار توصیفی و استنباطی (کولموگروف- اسمیرنوف، ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و رگرسیون چندگانه) استفاده شد. در نهایت براساس یافته‌ها، مشخص شد که شاخص‌های قابلیت اتکا، تعهد سازمانی، شایستگی و صداقت از اعتماد سازمانی با خلاقیت نیروی انسانی رابطۀ مثبت و معنا‌داری دارند.

 ادارات ورزش و جوانان اردبیل اعتماد سازمانی تعهد سازمانی خلاقیت شایستگی و صداقت قابلیت اتکا 1. Ellonen R, Blomqvist K. puumalainen K. "The role of Trust in organizational innovativeness". European Journal of Innovation management. 2008;11(2):160-181. 2. Chathoth P. K, Mak B, Jauhari V, Manaktola K. “employees' perceptions of organizational trust and service climate: A structural model combining their effects on employee satisfaction”. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research. 2007;31(3): 338-357 3. Lamsa A.M , Pucetaite R. “Development of organizational trust among employees from a contextual perspective”. Business Ethics:A European Review. 2006;15(2):130-141. 4. Khanifer H, Moghimi SM, Jandaghi Gh, Zarandi N. “Investigating the relationship between the components of trust and organizational commitment of employees (in organizations of Jihad-e-Agriculture and Education of Qom Province)”. Journal of public Management. 2009;1(2):3-18. (In Persian). 5. Pucetaite R, Lamsa A-M. “Developing Organizational Trust Through Advancement of Employees Work Ethic in a post-Socialist Context”. Journal of Business Ethics. 2008; 82(2): 325-337. 6. Seyyed amiri MH. “Designing and explaining a three-dimensional model of leadership styles, creativity and effectiveness of sports managers in the universities of the country”. Ph.D Thesis, Tarbiat Modarres University. 2002; p: 30-46. (In Persian). 7. Danaee H. “Investigating the relationship between organizational culture and decision making style (effective) and providing an optimal model”. PhD Thesis, Public Administration, Islamic Azad University of Science and Research Branch, Iran. 2006; p:31-52. (In Persian). 8. Alwani SM. “Public Management”. Ney Publication, Tehran. 2013; P: 229. (In Persian). 9. Mo Z, Yu Y. “The Mechanism of Empowering Leadership’s Effect on Employee Creativity in Ding Talk Alibaba Context”. In Proceedings of the Fourth International Forum on Decision Sciences, Springer, Singapore. 2017; pp: 99-117. 10. Sabunchi R. “Factors Affecting the Productivity of the Physical Education Organization from the Point of View of Managers and Experts and Providing Patterns. PhD Thesis, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modarres University, Iran. 2007; p: 48. (In Persian). 11. Sultan Abadi P, Nasiri F, Khodayari A. “The Relationship between Organizational Trust and Organizational Creativity at Bu-Ali Sina University in Hamedan”. Journal of Educational Management Innovations. 2014; 4(36): 86-95. (In Persian). 12. Shariatmadari M, Tavangar A. “The Relationship between Dimensions of Learning Organization and Creativity of Semnan Secondary Managers”. Quarterly Journal of Management and Educational Management, Azad University of Garmsar Branch. 2011; 5(1): 77-94. (In Persian). 13. Cook J, wall T.“New work attitude measures of trust. Organizational commitment and personal need non-fulfillment”. Journal of occupational psychology. 1980; 53(1): 39-52. 14. Atkinson S, Butcher D. “Trust in Managerial Relationships”. Journal of Managerial Psychology. 2003; 18(4): 282-304. 15. Serva M. A, Fuller M. A, Mayer R. C. “The Reciprocal Nature of Trust: A longitudinal study of interacting teams”. Journal of organizational behavior. 2005; 26(6): 625-648. 16. Panahi B. “Confidence and Confidence building in Organization”. Peyk Noor. 2008; 7(4): 82-89. (In Persian). 17. Robbins S. “Organizational Behavior: Concepts, Theories and Applications: Organization”. Office of Cultural Research publication, Eighteenth Edition, Tehran, Iran. 2009; p:320. 18. Shafiei Ali. “Investigating the Relationship between Organizational Trust and Human Resources Productivity in the Govah Company”. Master's Thesis, Executive Management, Kish International Campus of University of Tehran. 2011; pp: 101-120. (In Persian) 19. Farhang A, Sayyidat SA, Hoveyda R, Molavi Hussein. “A Study of the Simple and Multiple Relationships between Organizational Learning and Social Trust in the Organization with the Development of Staff at the State-run Medical and Non-Medical Universities of the South East of the Country”. Applied Sociology. 2011; 1(41): 159-182. (In Persian). 20. Imami M, Jamali E, Isfahani MJ. “Investigating the Relationship between Organizational Trust and Organizational Creativity”. Quarterly journalism and creativity in humanities. 2013; 3(11): 23-44. (In Persian). 21. Moharamzadeh M, Hosseinzadeh F. “The relationship between supportive culture, creativity, innovation and performance of the staff of the General Directorate of Sports and Youth”. Journal of Organizational Behavioral Management Studies in Sport. 2014; 1(1): 95-100. (In Persian). 22. Rastegar A, Hashemi SF. “The Relationship of Serving Leadership and Creativity: A Survey of the Intermediary Role of Organizational Trust”. The Quarterly of Invention and Creativity in the Humanities. 2015; 5(2): 97-116. (In Persian). 23. Clegg C, Unsworth K, Epitropaki O, Parker G. “Implicating trust in the innovation process”. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. 2002; 75(4): 409-422. 24. Bijlsma K, Koopman P. Introduction: “trust within organizations. Personnel Review”. 2003; 32(5): 543-555. 25. Bao G. M, Yang Z. R., Xie Z. S., Zhou M. J.“The dilemma of trust and commitment in the construction of innovative team in Chinese private enterprises”. In Engineering Management Conference, 2004 IEEE International. 2004; 1: PP:412-416. 26. Covey, S. R. "Trust in organizations: A conceptual framework linking organizational forms, managerial philosophies, and the opportunity costs of controls". Free Press; Revised edition, November 9, 2004; P: 384. (Available from: http://www.amazon.com). 27. Yilmaz K. “The Relationship Between Organizational Trust and Organizational Commitment in Turkish Primary Schools”. Journal of Applied Sciences. 2008; 8(12): 2293- 2299. 28. Adams S. H, Wiswell A. K. “Further Exploration of Organizational Trust Factors”. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Online Submission, 2008; pp:3-12. 29. Ruppel C. P, Harrington S. J. “The relationship of communication, ethical work climate, and trust to commitment and innovation”. Journal of Business Ethics. 2000; 25(4): 313-328. 30. Bhatti K. K., Qureshi T. M. “Impact of employee participation on job satisfaction, employee commitment and employee productivity”. International Review of Business Research Papers. 2007; 3(2): 54-68._||_ 1. Ellonen R, Blomqvist K. puumalainen K. "The role of Trust in organizational innovativeness". European Journal of Innovation management. 2008;11(2):160-181. 2. Chathoth P. K, Mak B, Jauhari V, Manaktola K. “employees' perceptions of organizational trust and service climate: A structural model combining their effects on employee satisfaction”. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research. 2007;31(3): 338-357 3. Lamsa A.M , Pucetaite R. “Development of organizational trust among employees from a contextual perspective”. Business Ethics:A European Review. 2006;15(2):130-141. 4. Khanifer H, Moghimi SM, Jandaghi Gh, Zarandi N. “Investigating the relationship between the components of trust and organizational commitment of employees (in organizations of Jihad-e-Agriculture and Education of Qom Province)”. Journal of public Management. 2009;1(2):3-18. (In Persian). 5. Pucetaite R, Lamsa A-M. “Developing Organizational Trust Through Advancement of Employees Work Ethic in a post-Socialist Context”. Journal of Business Ethics. 2008; 82(2): 325-337. 6. Seyyed amiri MH. “Designing and explaining a three-dimensional model of leadership styles, creativity and effectiveness of sports managers in the universities of the country”. Ph.D Thesis, Tarbiat Modarres University. 2002; p: 30-46. (In Persian). 7. Danaee H. “Investigating the relationship between organizational culture and decision making style (effective) and providing an optimal model”. PhD Thesis, Public Administration, Islamic Azad University of Science and Research Branch, Iran. 2006; p:31-52. (In Persian). 8. Alwani SM. “Public Management”. Ney Publication, Tehran. 2013; P: 229. (In Persian). 9. Mo Z, Yu Y. “The Mechanism of Empowering Leadership’s Effect on Employee Creativity in Ding Talk Alibaba Context”. In Proceedings of the Fourth International Forum on Decision Sciences, Springer, Singapore. 2017; pp: 99-117. 10. Sabunchi R. “Factors Affecting the Productivity of the Physical Education Organization from the Point of View of Managers and Experts and Providing Patterns. PhD Thesis, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modarres University, Iran. 2007; p: 48. (In Persian). 11. Sultan Abadi P, Nasiri F, Khodayari A. “The Relationship between Organizational Trust and Organizational Creativity at Bu-Ali Sina University in Hamedan”. Journal of Educational Management Innovations. 2014; 4(36): 86-95. (In Persian). 12. Shariatmadari M, Tavangar A. “The Relationship between Dimensions of Learning Organization and Creativity of Semnan Secondary Managers”. Quarterly Journal of Management and Educational Management, Azad University of Garmsar Branch. 2011; 5(1): 77-94. (In Persian). 13. Cook J, wall T.“New work attitude measures of trust. Organizational commitment and personal need non-fulfillment”. Journal of occupational psychology. 1980; 53(1): 39-52. 14. Atkinson S, Butcher D. “Trust in Managerial Relationships”. Journal of Managerial Psychology. 2003; 18(4): 282-304. 15. Serva M. A, Fuller M. A, Mayer R. C. “The Reciprocal Nature of Trust: A longitudinal study of interacting teams”. Journal of organizational behavior. 2005; 26(6): 625-648. 16. Panahi B. “Confidence and Confidence building in Organization”. Peyk Noor. 2008; 7(4): 82-89. (In Persian). 17. Robbins S. “Organizational Behavior: Concepts, Theories and Applications: Organization”. Office of Cultural Research publication, Eighteenth Edition, Tehran, Iran. 2009; p:320. 18. Shafiei Ali. “Investigating the Relationship between Organizational Trust and Human Resources Productivity in the Govah Company”. Master's Thesis, Executive Management, Kish International Campus of University of Tehran. 2011; pp: 101-120. (In Persian) 19. Farhang A, Sayyidat SA, Hoveyda R, Molavi Hussein. “A Study of the Simple and Multiple Relationships between Organizational Learning and Social Trust in the Organization with the Development of Staff at the State-run Medical and Non-Medical Universities of the South East of the Country”. Applied Sociology. 2011; 1(41): 159-182. (In Persian). 20. 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دانشکده تربیت بدنی دانشگاه تهران نشریه مدیریت ورزشی 2008-9341 دانشکده تربیت بدنی دانشگاه تهران 125 10.22059/jsm.2019.228031.1790 مقاله پژوهشی کاوش عوامل زمینه‌ای و مداخله‌گر بروز فساد در صنعت فوتبال ایران کاوش عوامل زمینه‌ای و مداخله‌گر بروز فساد در صنعت فوتبال ایران محمودی احمد دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی هنری حبیب دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی یونسی جلیل دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی شهلائی باقری جواد دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی 22 12 2018 10 4 661 685 18 02 2017 27 05 2017 Copyright © 2018, دانشکده تربیت بدنی دانشگاه تهران. 2018 https://jsm.ut.ac.ir/article_71734.html

هدف پژوهش حاضر، کاوش عوامل زمینه‌ای و مداخله‌گر بروز فساد در صنعت فوتبال ایران بود. گردآوری داده‌ها از طریق بررسی اسناد و مصاحبۀ حضوری صورت گرفت. پس از انجام 18 مصاحبه عمیق و نیمه‌ساختاریافته با متخصصان اجرایی، علمی و پژوهشی ورزش کشور و رشتۀ فوتبال، اشباع نظری حاصل شد و نشان‌ها، مقوله‌های فرعی و مقوله‌های کلی پس از تکمیل فرایند کدگذاری باز، محوری و گزینشی استخراج شد. پس از تحلیل یافته‌ها عوامل زمینه‌ای (بسترساز) و عوامل مداخله‌گر (تأثیرگذار) شناسایی شدند. بر اساس همین یافته‌ها، بی‌اخلاقی، بی‌تعهدی، عدم تعامل و هم‌افزایی سازمانی و فراهم نبودن محیط حقوقی و قانونی به‌عنوان مقولۀ محوری شناسایی شد. یافته‌های مربوط به عوامل زمینه‌ای بیانگر 25 مقولۀ فرعی حاصل از کدگذاری محوری در 7 مفهوم کلی حاصل از کدگذاری گزینشی همچون شکاف قوانین، انگیزۀ مالی، کارکرد نامناسب رسانه‌ها، تضعیف مجامع تصمیم‌گیری، ضعف قوانین نقل و انتقالات، فقدان معیارهای رفتاری و شفاف نبودن فرایندها دسته‌بندی شدند. یافته‌های عوامل مداخله‌گر (تأثیرگذار) نیز در 7 مقولۀ فرعی حاصل از کدگذاری محوری در 3 مفهوم کلی از کدگذاری گزینشی تداخل وظایف، عدم ارادۀ فساد ستیزی و عدم هماهنگی طبقه‌بندی شدند. به‌طور کلی شناسایی عوامل زمینه‌ای و تأثیرگذار بروز فساد می‌تواند به مسئولان در پیشگیری از وقوع فساد و بهبود سلامت سازمانی فوتبال کمک بسیاری کند.

 صنعت فوتبال عوامل زمینه‌ای عوامل مداخله‌گر فساد 1. Andersen TB. E-Government as an anti-corruption strategy. Information Economics and Policy. 2009;21(3):201-10. 2. Tanzi V. Corruption around the world: Causes, consequences, scope, and cures. Staff Papers. 1998;45(4):559-94. 3. Ashforth BE, Anand V. The normalization of corruption in organizations. Research in organizational behavior. 2003;25:1-52. 4. Treisman D. The causes of corruption: a cross-national study. Journal of public economics. 2000;76(3):399-457. 5. Wacziarg R, Welch KH. Trade liberalization and growth: New evidence. The World Bank Economic Review. 2008;22(2):187-231. 6. Moyo S. Corruption in Zimbabwe: an examination of the roles of the state and civil society in combating corruption: University of Central Lancashire; 2014. 7 . Gross M. Organizations of corrupt individuals: a study of corruption in international cricket and the Catholic Church. 2011. 8. Maennig W. Corruption in international sports and sport management: Forms, tendencies, extent and countermeasures. European Sport Management Quartely. 2005;5(2):187-225. 9. Ashforth BE, Gioia DA, Robinson SL, Trevino LK. Re-viewing organizational corruption. Academy of Management review. 2008;33(3):670-84. 10. Elahi A, Sajjadi SN, Khabiri M, Abrishami H. Barriers to the Development of Income-Based Income Recovery in the Islamic Football Association of Iran. Journal of Sport Management. 2009;7(1):189-202. [Persian]. 11. Slater M. Team Sky strive for cycling’s moral high ground, BBC Sport available from 30 October 2012 [accessed 03 July 2013]. 2012. [ 12. Westerbeek H, Smith A. Sport trek: future sport business in the global marketplace. Sport Business in the Global Marketplace: Springer; 2003. p. 197-228. 13. Razzaghi ME, Ramezani nezhad R, Mehrabi G. Examining the Effective Dimensions of Corruption in Football. Journal of Trends in Sports Management. 2014;2(7):41-52. [Persian]. 14. Najafi Kloori M, Goodarzi M, Farahani A, Esmaeili Bidhandi H. Factors Influencing Corruption in Sport Organizations (Case Study: Corruption in the Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Journal of Sport Management. 2012;4(14):109-22 [Persian]. 15. Goodarzi M, Ghorbani MH, Poursalatani Zandi H, Safari HR. The study of factors affecting the growth of perceived corruption and its control solutions for sports organizations in Iran. Research in sports science. 2011;4(10):39-56. [Persian]. 16. Masters A. Corruption in sport: From the playing field to the field of policy. Policy and Society. 2015;34(2):11-123. 17. Brewer GA, Choi Y, Walker RM. Accountability, corruption and government effectiveness in Asia: an exploration of World Bank governance indicators. International Public Management Review. 2007;8(2):204-25. 18. Rabl T, Kühlmann TM. Understanding corruption in organizations–development and empirical assessment of an action model. Journal of business ethics. 2008;82(2):477. 19. Cheung HY, Chan AW. Corruption across countries: Impacts from education and cultural dimensions. The Social Science Journal. 2008;45(2): 223-239. 20. Nogara M. Role of Media in Curbing Corruption: The Case of Uganda under President Yoweri K. Museveni during the'No-Party'System. 2009. 21. Jennings A. Investigating corruption in corporate sport: The IOC and FIFA. International Review for the Sociology of Sport. 2011;46(4):387-98. 22. Pinto J, Leana CR, Pil FK. Corrupt organizations or organizations of corrupt individuals? Two types of organization-level corruption. Academy of Management Review. 2008;33(3):685-709. 23. Eicher S. Corruption in international business: The challenge of cultural and legal diversity: CRC Press; 2012. 24. Buscaglia E. An analysis of judicial corruption and its causes: An objective governing-based approach. International Review of Law and Economics. 2001;21(2):233-249. 25. Kochan N, Goodyear R. Corruption: The new corporate challenge: Palgrave Macmillan; 2011. 26. Javan Jafari A, Safari S. Criminal Challenges Facing Violence In Athletes In Football. Journal of Research in Criminal Justice. 2014;3(9):57-81. [Persian]. 27. Ghaher doust A, Yazdani H, Naserzadeh M. Reviewing how salaries influence the reduction of administrative and financial corruption. Human Resource Studies Quarterly. 2015;5(15):85-108. [Persian]. 28. Pitney WA, Parker J. Qualitative research in physical activity and the health professions: Human Kinetics Champaign, IL; 2009. 29. Guba EG, Lincoln YS. Competing paradigms in qualitative research. Handbook of qualitative research. 1994;2(163-194):105. 30. Strauss A, Corbin J. Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques. 5age. Newbury Park, CA. 1990. 31. Mason DS, Thibault L, Misener L. An agency theory perspective on corruption in sport: The case of the International Olympic Committee. Journal of sport management. 2006;20(1): 52-73. 32. Johnston M. Editor What can be done about entrenched corruption? Annual world bank conference on development economics 1997; 1998: World Bank Washington DC. 33. Zare A, Heydarinezhad S, Shirali R. The Impact of Mass Media on the Control of Corruption in Football. Journal of Communication Management in Sports Media. 2016;3(12):11-24. [Persian]. 34. Ghiyrian H. The role of mass media in controlling corruption. Journal of Research in Media Studies. 2012;7(2):141-8. [Persian]. 35. Scott WR. Institutions and organizations: Ideas, interests, and identities: Sage Publications; 2013. 36. Olken BA. Monitoring corruption: evidence from a field experiment in Indonesia. Journal of political Economy. 2007;115(2):200-49. 37.          Baron RA, Byrne D, Branscombe NR. Social psychology, 11/E. Aufl, Boston. 2006. 38. Brooks G, Lee J, Kim H. Match-Fixing in Korean Football. International Journal of Contents. 2012;8(2):82-8. 39. Nassif N. Corruption in sport: the case of Lebanon. Middle East Law and Governance. 2014;6(2): 123-40. 40. Abzari M, Faghani F. Application of AHP and TOPSIS Approach to Prioritize the Factors Affecting Corruption and its Coping Strategies. Journal Of Operational Research And Its Applications (Journal Of Applied Mathematics). 2013;10(1):43-57. [Persian]_||_ 1. Andersen TB. E-Government as an anti-corruption strategy. Information Economics and Policy. 2009;21(3):201-10. 2. Tanzi V. Corruption around the world: Causes, consequences, scope, and cures. Staff Papers. 1998;45(4):559-94. 3. Ashforth BE, Anand V. The normalization of corruption in organizations. Research in organizational behavior. 2003;25:1-52. 4. Treisman D. The causes of corruption: a cross-national study. Journal of public economics. 2000;76(3):399-457. 5. Wacziarg R, Welch KH. Trade liberalization and growth: New evidence. The World Bank Economic Review. 2008;22(2):187-231. 6. Moyo S. Corruption in Zimbabwe: an examination of the roles of the state and civil society in combating corruption: University of Central Lancashire; 2014. 7 . Gross M. Organizations of corrupt individuals: a study of corruption in international cricket and the Catholic Church. 2011. 8. Maennig W. Corruption in international sports and sport management: Forms, tendencies, extent and countermeasures. European Sport Management Quartely. 2005;5(2):187-225. 9. Ashforth BE, Gioia DA, Robinson SL, Trevino LK. Re-viewing organizational corruption. Academy of Management review. 2008;33(3):670-84. 10. Elahi A, Sajjadi SN, Khabiri M, Abrishami H. Barriers to the Development of Income-Based Income Recovery in the Islamic Football Association of Iran. Journal of Sport Management. 2009;7(1):189-202. [Persian]. 11. Slater M. Team Sky strive for cycling’s moral high ground, BBC Sport available from 30 October 2012 [accessed 03 July 2013]. 2012. [ 12. Westerbeek H, Smith A. Sport trek: future sport business in the global marketplace. Sport Business in the Global Marketplace: Springer; 2003. p. 197-228. 13. Razzaghi ME, Ramezani nezhad R, Mehrabi G. Examining the Effective Dimensions of Corruption in Football. Journal of Trends in Sports Management. 2014;2(7):41-52. [Persian]. 14. Najafi Kloori M, Goodarzi M, Farahani A, Esmaeili Bidhandi H. Factors Influencing Corruption in Sport Organizations (Case Study: Corruption in the Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Journal of Sport Management. 2012;4(14):109-22 [Persian]. 15. Goodarzi M, Ghorbani MH, Poursalatani Zandi H, Safari HR. The study of factors affecting the growth of perceived corruption and its control solutions for sports organizations in Iran. Research in sports science. 2011;4(10):39-56. [Persian]. 16. Masters A. Corruption in sport: From the playing field to the field of policy. Policy and Society. 2015;34(2):11-123. 17. Brewer GA, Choi Y, Walker RM. Accountability, corruption and government effectiveness in Asia: an exploration of World Bank governance indicators. International Public Management Review. 2007;8(2):204-25. 18. Rabl T, Kühlmann TM. Understanding corruption in organizations–development and empirical assessment of an action model. Journal of business ethics. 2008;82(2):477. 19. Cheung HY, Chan AW. Corruption across countries: Impacts from education and cultural dimensions. The Social Science Journal. 2008;45(2): 223-239. 20. Nogara M. Role of Media in Curbing Corruption: The Case of Uganda under President Yoweri K. Museveni during the'No-Party'System. 2009. 21. Jennings A. Investigating corruption in corporate sport: The IOC and FIFA. International Review for the Sociology of Sport. 2011;46(4):387-98. 22. Pinto J, Leana CR, Pil FK. Corrupt organizations or organizations of corrupt individuals? Two types of organization-level corruption. Academy of Management Review. 2008;33(3):685-709. 23. Eicher S. Corruption in international business: The challenge of cultural and legal diversity: CRC Press; 2012. 24. Buscaglia E. An analysis of judicial corruption and its causes: An objective governing-based approach. International Review of Law and Economics. 2001;21(2):233-249. 25. Kochan N, Goodyear R. Corruption: The new corporate challenge: Palgrave Macmillan; 2011. 26. Javan Jafari A, Safari S. Criminal Challenges Facing Violence In Athletes In Football. Journal of Research in Criminal Justice. 2014;3(9):57-81. [Persian]. 27. Ghaher doust A, Yazdani H, Naserzadeh M. Reviewing how salaries influence the reduction of administrative and financial corruption. Human Resource Studies Quarterly. 2015;5(15):85-108. [Persian]. 28. Pitney WA, Parker J. Qualitative research in physical activity and the health professions: Human Kinetics Champaign, IL; 2009. 29. Guba EG, Lincoln YS. Competing paradigms in qualitative research. Handbook of qualitative research. 1994;2(163-194):105. 30. Strauss A, Corbin J. Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques. 5age. Newbury Park, CA. 1990. 31. Mason DS, Thibault L, Misener L. An agency theory perspective on corruption in sport: The case of the International Olympic Committee. Journal of sport management. 2006;20(1): 52-73. 32. Johnston M. Editor What can be done about entrenched corruption? Annual world bank conference on development economics 1997; 1998: World Bank Washington DC. 33. Zare A, Heydarinezhad S, Shirali R. The Impact of Mass Media on the Control of Corruption in Football. Journal of Communication Management in Sports Media. 2016;3(12):11-24. [Persian]. 34. Ghiyrian H. The role of mass media in controlling corruption. Journal of Research in Media Studies. 2012;7(2):141-8. [Persian]. 35. Scott WR. Institutions and organizations: Ideas, interests, and identities: Sage Publications; 2013. 36. Olken BA. Monitoring corruption: evidence from a field experiment in Indonesia. Journal of political Economy. 2007;115(2):200-49. 37.          Baron RA, Byrne D, Branscombe NR. Social psychology, 11/E. Aufl, Boston. 2006. 38. Brooks G, Lee J, Kim H. Match-Fixing in Korean Football. International Journal of Contents. 2012;8(2):82-8. 39. Nassif N. Corruption in sport: the case of Lebanon. Middle East Law and Governance. 2014;6(2): 123-40. 40. Abzari M, Faghani F. Application of AHP and TOPSIS Approach to Prioritize the Factors Affecting Corruption and its Coping Strategies. Journal Of Operational Research And Its Applications (Journal Of Applied Mathematics). 2013;10(1):43-57. [Persian]
دانشکده تربیت بدنی دانشگاه تهران نشریه مدیریت ورزشی 2008-9341 دانشکده تربیت بدنی دانشگاه تهران 125 10.22059/jsm.2019.220350.1726 مقاله پژوهشی مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری ارتباط مدیریت استعداد و سرمایۀ اجتماعی با تعهد سازمانی کارکنان ادارات ورزش و جوانان استان کرمان بیگلری نسرین دانشجوی دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود بحرالعلوم حسن عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود داروغه عارفی ناهید دانشجوی دکتزای دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود 22 12 2018 10 4 687 702 06 12 2016 27 05 2017 Copyright © 2018, دانشکده تربیت بدنی دانشگاه تهران. 2018 https://jsm.ut.ac.ir/article_71728.html

هدف از این پژوهش مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری ارتباط مدیریت استعداد و سرمایۀ اجتماعی با تعهد سازمانی کارکنان ادارات ورزش و جوانان استان کرمان بود. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش را کلیۀ کارکنان ادارات ورزش و جوانان استان کرمان تشکیل دادند ( 268 N=) که از بین آنها 160 نفر به روش تصادفی-خوشه‌‌ای به‌عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. برای گردآوری داده‌ها از پرسشنامه‌های مدیریت استعداد (صیادی و همکاران، 1391)، سرمایۀ اجتماعی (اکبری، 1392) و تعهد سازمانی (اسپیر و ونکاتش، 2002) استفاده شد. داده‌ها به کمک روش‌های آماری همبستگی پیرسون و مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری تحلیل شد. نتایج نشان داد مدیریت استعداد بر سرمایۀ اجتماعی تأثیر مستقیم و معناداری دارد. همچنین مدیریت استعداد اثری مثبت و مستقیم بر تعهد سازمانی دارد. در نهایت کلیۀ شاخص‌های برازش مدل نشان‌دهندۀ برازش مطلوب بودند. یافته‌های پژوهش بیانگر اهمیت نقش مدیریت استعداد بر سرمایۀ اجتماعی و تعهد سازمانی کارکنان است. بنابراین مدیریت استعداد و سرمایۀ اجتماعی را باید در سیاست‌های مرتبط با ادارات ورزش و جوانان مورد توجه قرار داد.

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To Study the Mediator Role of Social Capital Variable on the Relationship between Talent Management and Knowledge Sharing in Organizations (Case to Study: All of the Staff Divisions of Iranian National Petroleum Company and Its Affiliated Branches Located in Tehran). Management Researches in Iran. 2014;18(2):127-48. [in persian] 29. Seyyedi S, Mohammadi M, Nikpour A. relationship between talent management and job satisfaction among employees of the general staff of the social security fund. Journal of Management and Development Process 2012;25(2):133-148.[in persian] 30. Speir PE, Venkatesh, V. The role of perceived violation in determining employee’ reactin to psychological contrct breach. Journal of Leadership and Organization Studies. 2002;12(1):24-36. 31. Mears LS, Gamest G, Jarnio A. Applied multivariate research (design and interpretation). Tehran: Growth; 2012. 32. Adler PS, Kwon S-W. Social capital: Prospects for a new concept. Academy of management review. 2002;27(1):17-40. 33. Hossinpour D, Manteghi M, Malekmohamadi S. Investigating the Role of Talent Management in Organization's Intellectual Capital Development: A Case Study of Iran's PANHA. Innovation management journal. 2014;4(3):97-118. [in persian] 34. Ardalan M, Zanganeh K. Talent management for human capital, strategy for development and organizational effectiveness (by reflecting on the factors and processes that affect the success of talent management). he first international symposium on management science with a focus on sustainable development, Tehran. 2014. 35. Mayer JD, DiPaolo M, Salovey P. Perceiving affective content in ambiguous visual stimuli: A component of emotional intelligence. Journal of personality assessment. 1990;54(3-4):772-81. 36. Ping TS. Impact of talent management practices towards organizational commitment. Sains Malaysia University. 2011:1-24. 37. Khorshid S. The Effect of Social Capital on Employees’ Organizational Commitment: Case Study of Governmental Banks in the City of Kerman. Journal of Management and Development Process. 2012;25(1):115-47. 38. Putnam RD. Bowling alone: America’s declining social capital. Culture and politics: Springer; 2000: 223-34. 39. Rose‐Ackerman S. Trust and honesty in post‐socialist societies. Kyklos. 2001;54(2‐3):415-43._||_ 1. Collings DG, Mellahi K. Strategic talent management: A review and research agenda. Human resource management review. 2009;19(4):304-313. 2. Askari Bajgarani M, Shaemi A, Alame SM. Assessing the level of talent management strategies in misfeasance city municipality. semi-annually urban management. 2013;10(29):277-286. [in persian] 3. Tajeddin M, Ma'ali Tafti M. Talent Management in Human Resource Development Processes. Tabor notebook. 2008;202:72-73. [in persian] 4. Tajeddin M, Ma'ali Tafti M. Talent Management. Tabor notebook. 2008;191:62-63. [in persian] 5. Maxwell GA, MacLean S. Talent management in hospitality and tourism in Scotland: Operational implications and strategic actions. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. 2008;20(7):820-830. 6. Ahmadi AA, Farahani, A, Bahmanichobasti, A, Shahbazi, M. The role of social to improve talent management in the physical education organization. sport management studies. 2012;4(13):237-260. [in persian] 7. Safaeipour M, Nadakipour Ghasab N. The relationship between Talent Management and Job Satisfaction of Karoun Oil and Gas Company. International Management Conference, Challenges and Solutions, Shiraz. 2013. [in persian] 8. Phillips DR, Roper KO. A framework for talent management in real estate. Journal of Corporate Real Estate. 2009;11(1):7-16. 9. Krause DR, Handfield RB, Tyler BB. The relationships between supplier development, commitment, social capital accumulation and performance improvement. Journal of operations management. 2007;25(2):528-545. 10. Lin N, Erickson BH. Social capital: an international research program: Oxford University Press; 2010. 11. Kazemzadeh Beataly M, Qasemzadeh Alishahi A. Explaining The Role And Influence Of Social Capital On Organizational Commitment And Effective Education. Organizational Behavior in Education. 2013;1(2):105-115. [in persian] 12. Abdolmaleki H, Goodarzi M, Nourizadeh A. Relationship between Social Capital and Job Satisfaction of Teachers of Physical Education (Case of the Hamedan Province). Social capital management. 2014;1(1):65-80. [in persian] 13.Akbari A. Investigating the social capital of volunteers and non-contributors in university sports associations, Shahrood University of Technology; 2014. [in persian] 14. Salehi N. The role of social capital on improving talent management in Shahid Hasheminejad Hospital: payam noor center of Tehran-faculty of management and accounting; 2012. [in persian] 15. Askari F. Investigating the relationship between dimensions of social capital and talent management (case study: patients in bandar abbas). The first national conference on futures studies management and development. 2014:1-9. [in persian] 16. Fazi S, Razavi SMH, Montazeri A. Structural equation modeling of factors affecting employee’s social capital of general office of sport and youth of Khorasan Razavi. . Applied research of sport management, 2014; 3 (11), 65-76. [in persian] 17. Rezaiyan, Keshtehgar AA. The relationship between emotional intelligence and organizational commitment. . Vision of Commercial Management (Management Perspective). 2008;7:227-39. [in persian] 18. Elmi M, Sedagat K, Chavoshi MA. Studying the relationship between Work Commitment and the Employees' Job Satisfaction in Iran Insurance Corporation: A Case Study (East Azarbaijan Province). Quartery journal productivity management,. 2007;1(1):105-20. [in persian] 19. Bazvand K, Kashef MA, Esmaeli MR. The relationship between Emotional Intelligence, Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction of Employees in Physical Education General Department of Lorestan Province. Journal of sport management. 2014;5(4):125-43. [in persian] 20. Rokhman W. The effect of Islamic work ethics on work outcomes. EJBO-Electronic Journal of Business Ethics and Organization Studies. 2010;15(1):21-7. 21. Jahangir F, Pazargadi M, S M, Akbarzadeh B. he relationship between organizational commitment, job satisfaction and nurses individual factors in internal surgry departments of shahid beheshti university of medical sciences hospitals. . Researcher. 2007;12(5):407-16. [in persian] 22. Nobarieidishe S, Chamanifard R, Nikpour A. The relationship between talent management and organizational commitment in international division of Tejarat Bank, Iran. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences. 2014;3(4):1116-1123. [in persian] 23. Moghali A, Mohammadi E, Parsaei Y. Investigating the relationship between talent management and organizational commitment among education staff in noorabad mamasani. first National Conference on Future Studies. Management and Development Shiraz. 2014:1-12. [in persian] 24. Macke J, Genari D, Faccin K. Social capital and commitment in the Brazilian wine industry. EJBO: Electronic Journal of Business Ethics and Organizational Studies. 2012. 25. Elmi M, Firoozi R, Siyah Mohammadi A. he Study of the relationship between social capital and organizational commitments among Tabriz Islamic Azad University employees. The journal of sociology studies. 2011; 4(10):7-26. [in persian] 26. Gussenhoven E. The effect of the amount of Talent Management practices on affective organizational commitment, with a mediating role of psychological fulfilment”. The master’s thesis. Tilburg University; 2009. 27. Moeller M, Maley J, Harvey M, Kiessling T. Global talent management and inpatriate social capital building: A status inconsistency perspective. The International Journal of Human Resource Management. 2016;27(9):991-1012. 28. Allameh M, Soltani F, Narimani M. To Study the Mediator Role of Social Capital Variable on the Relationship between Talent Management and Knowledge Sharing in Organizations (Case to Study: All of the Staff Divisions of Iranian National Petroleum Company and Its Affiliated Branches Located in Tehran). Management Researches in Iran. 2014;18(2):127-48. [in persian] 29. Seyyedi S, Mohammadi M, Nikpour A. relationship between talent management and job satisfaction among employees of the general staff of the social security fund. Journal of Management and Development Process 2012;25(2):133-148.[in persian] 30. Speir PE, Venkatesh, V. The role of perceived violation in determining employee’ reactin to psychological contrct breach. Journal of Leadership and Organization Studies. 2002;12(1):24-36. 31. Mears LS, Gamest G, Jarnio A. Applied multivariate research (design and interpretation). Tehran: Growth; 2012. 32. Adler PS, Kwon S-W. Social capital: Prospects for a new concept. Academy of management review. 2002;27(1):17-40. 33. Hossinpour D, Manteghi M, Malekmohamadi S. Investigating the Role of Talent Management in Organization's Intellectual Capital Development: A Case Study of Iran's PANHA. Innovation management journal. 2014;4(3):97-118. [in persian] 34. Ardalan M, Zanganeh K. Talent management for human capital, strategy for development and organizational effectiveness (by reflecting on the factors and processes that affect the success of talent management). he first international symposium on management science with a focus on sustainable development, Tehran. 2014. 35. Mayer JD, DiPaolo M, Salovey P. Perceiving affective content in ambiguous visual stimuli: A component of emotional intelligence. Journal of personality assessment. 1990;54(3-4):772-81. 36. Ping TS. Impact of talent management practices towards organizational commitment. Sains Malaysia University. 2011:1-24. 37. Khorshid S. The Effect of Social Capital on Employees’ Organizational Commitment: Case Study of Governmental Banks in the City of Kerman. Journal of Management and Development Process. 2012;25(1):115-47. 38. Putnam RD. Bowling alone: America’s declining social capital. Culture and politics: Springer; 2000: 223-34. 39. Rose‐Ackerman S. Trust and honesty in post‐socialist societies. Kyklos. 2001;54(2‐3):415-43.
دانشکده تربیت بدنی دانشگاه تهران نشریه مدیریت ورزشی 2008-9341 دانشکده تربیت بدنی دانشگاه تهران 125 10.22059/jsm.2019.226453.1779 مقاله پژوهشی تجزیه‌وتحلیل انگیزه‌های مشارکت در بازاریابی خیرخواهانه با تأکید بر فعالان ورزش زورخانه‌ای: رویکرد ترکیبی تجزیه و تحلیل انگیزه‌های مشارکت در بازاریابی خیرخواهانه با تاکید بر فعالان ورزش زورخانه‌ای: رویکرد ترکیبی زارعی عظیم دانشیار مدیریت سیستم ها و عضو هیات علمی دانشکده اقتصاد، مدیریت و علوم اداری – دانشگاه سمنان-سمنان-ایران سیاه سرانی کجوری محمد علی دکترای مدیریت بازریابی بین‌الملل- دانشگاه سمنان- ایران 22 12 2018 10 4 703 722 03 02 2017 12 06 2017 Copyright © 2018, دانشکده تربیت بدنی دانشگاه تهران. 2018 https://jsm.ut.ac.ir/article_71732.html

 از ادوار گذشته خیرخواهی و کمک به نیازمندان با روح ورزش زورخانه‌ای عجین بوده و است. هدف پژوهش حاضر تجزیه‌وتحلیل فعالان ورزش زورخانه براساس انگیزه‌های مشارکت در بازاریابی خیرخواهانه با استفاده از رویکرد ترکیبی است. در گام اول با استفاده از رویکرد کیفی (تحلیل محتوا)، 50 کد به‌عنوان انگیزه‌های مشارکت در بازاریابی خیرخواهانه استخراج و با توجه به مشابهت و قرابت معنایی در 10 عامل دسته‌بندی شدند و بر مبنای آن پرسشنامۀ پژوهش طراحی شد. در گام دوم از رویکردهای کمی در علم داده‌کاوی (تشریحی و پیش‌بینی) به‌منظور بررسی جامعۀ آماری استفاده شد. به‌منظور تشریح جامعۀ پژوهش، 393 فعال این ورزش با استفاده از شاخص دیویس-بولدین در دو خوشۀ مجزا از هم خوشه‌بندی و بررسی شدند. همچنین به‌منظور طراحی مدل پیش‌بینی‌کنندۀ رفتار فعالان ورزش زورخانه‌ای در فعالیت‌های خیرخواهانه از شبکه‌های عصبی مصنوعی استفاده شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد در خوشۀ اول به‌ترتیب عمل متقابل، تمایل به سرگرمی و کسب لذت، اهمیت احساسی و در خوشۀ دوم به‌ترتیب آموزه‌های مذهبی، نیاز به کمک دیگران و تمایل به مشارکت اجتماعی بیشترین مراکز خوشه‌ها را به‌دست آورده‌اند. به‌کارگیری شبکه‌های عصبی نشان داد متغیرهای مستقل پژوهش حاضر از قابلیت پیش‌بینی کنندگی بالایی برخوردارند و با استفاده از آنها می‌توان تغییرات متغیر وابسته را با دقت 958/0 پیش‌بینی کرد. همچنین نتایج تحلیل حساسیت اهمیت متغیرهای جمعیت‌شناختی، نمادین و آموزه‌های مذهبی در مشارکت فعالان ورزش زورخانه‌ای در فعالیت‌های خیرخواهانه را تأیید کرد.

 بازاریابی خیرخواهانه خوشه‌بندی رویکرد ترکیبی شبکه‌های عصبی ورزش زورخانه‌ای 1. Approved by session 621 dated 14/05/1393 of the General Culture Council. [In Persian] 2. Amini zadeh, S. and boustani, D. (2014). “Zoorkhane and its identification resources”, Social Development, Vol 9, No. 1, pp. 67-84. [In Persian] 3. Nikobakht, M (2001). Physical education in the mirror of Iranian culture and literature, Shahid Beheshti University. [In Persian] 4. Heidary A, Dolatshah N. (2013). “Manifestations of Sufism, Chivarly, and Shia Religion in Ancient Sport and Gymnasium of Iran”, Research in Sport Management and Motor Behavior, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 57-71. [In Persian] 5. Poordavood, E. (2005). “Avesta's Matter”, Donyae ketab publication, Tehran. [In Persian] 6. Anvari, H (2003).”The great culture of speech”. Sokhan publication, Tehran. [In Persian] 7. Mir, R.A., Thokar, S.A., and Mir, M.A. (2013). “Cause related marketing campaigns and Charity Influence on consumer purchase intentions”, Journal of Business and Management, 8(6), 54-59. 8. Kashif, M. Sarifuddin, S. Hassan, A. (2015). “Charity donation: intentions and behavior”, Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 33(1), 90 – 102. 9. Shaikh, S. and McLarney, C. (2005). “Where does all the money go? An investigation of donation filtration”, International journal of sociology and social policy, Vol. 25 No. 12, pp. 81-91. 10. Haddadinia, H., Shohandi, H., Sharbatoghly, A., Seyyedan, S. E. (2011). “The influence of brand familiarity and product type on consumer responses cause related marketing”, Journal of Management Science of Iran, Vol. 6, No. 23, pp. 101-126. [In Persian] 11. Wood, L. Snelgrove, R. and Danylchuk, K. (2010). “Segmenting Volunteer Fundraisers at a Charity Sport Event”, Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 22:38–54. 12. Filo, K., Funk, D.C., & O’Brien, D. (2010). “The Antecedents and Outcomes of Attachment and Sponsor Image with in Charity Sport Events”, Journal of Sport Management; Vol. 24 Issue 6, 623-648. 13. King, S. (2001). “Breast cancer, corporate philanthropy, and the market for generosity”. Social Text 69, 19(4), 115-143. 14. Kqahajerdi, I., Faizollahi, GH. A., Shojaei Isfahani Nejad, S. E. (2014). “Identifying the effective factors in the development of sport tourism using the SWOT model (Case Study: Zurkhaneh of Isfahan City)”. Geographical Journal of Tourism Space, Vol. 3, No.10, pp. 25-38. [In Persian] 15. Yasini, S. R. (2016). Educational and cultural functions of sacraments in palestra, Journal of Islamic Education, Vol. 11, No. 22, pp. 131-150. [In Persian] 16. Amini zadeh, S. and boustani, D. (2013). “Qualitative exploration of Zurkhaneh exercise (Case Study: Kerman Athletes)”, Quarterly Journal of Social Cultural Strategy, Vol. 3, No. 9, pp. 109-133. [In Persian] 17. Pemanfar, M. H., Saatchian, V., Eghbali, B., Pemanfar, H. R. (2012). “Structural model of factors influencing spiritual intelligenc of the Zurkhaneh Athletes”, Sports Psychology Studies, Vol.1, No. 1, pp. 57-68. [In Persian] 18. Bennett, Roger, Mousley, Wendy, Kitchin, Paul and Ali-Choudhury, Rehnuma (2007). “Motivations for Participating In Charity-Affiliated Sporting Events”. Journal of Customer Behavior, 6 (2). pp. 155-178. 19. Dawson, S. (1988). “Four Motivations for Charitable Giving: Implications for marketing strategy to attract monetary donations for medical research”, Journal of Health Care Marketing, 8(2), 31–37. 20. Amos, O.M. (1982). “Empirical analysis of motives underlying individual contributions to charity”. Atlantic Economic Journal, 10(4), 45–52. 21. Hibbert, S., & Horne, S. (1996). “Giving to charity: Questioning the donor process”. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 13(2), 4–13. 22. Marx, J.D. (2000). “Women and human services giving. Social Work”, 45, 27–38. 23. Ritzenheim, D.N. (2000). “One more time: How do you motivate donors?” New Directions for Philanthropic Fundraising, 29, 51–68. 24. Brodkin, P. and Weiss, M. (1990), “Developmental Differences in Motivation for Participating in Competitive Swimming”, Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 248-263. 25. Lindner, K. and Kerr, J. (2001). “Predictability of Sport Participation Motivation from Metamotivational Dominances and Orientations”, Personality and Individual Differences, Vol. 30, No. 6, pp. 759-773. 26. Funk, D., Mahony, D., Nakazawa, M. and Hirakawa, S. (2001). “Developing the Sport Interest Inventory”, International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 291-315. 27. Recours, R., Souville, M. and Griffet, J. (2004). “Expressed Motives for Informal and ClubAssociation Based Sports Participation”, Journal of Leisure Research, Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 1-22. 28. Kahle, L.R. Kau, A. Tambyah, S. Tan, S. and K. Jung (2005). “Religion, Religiosity, And Values: Implications For Consumer Behavior”, in Haugtvedt, C.P., Merunka, D. and Warlop, L. (Eds), The La Londe Seminar, 32nd International Research Seminar in Marketing, LaLonde-les-Maures, pp. 249-259. 29. Haykin, S. (2008). “Neural networks and learning machines: A comprehensive foundation”. NJ: Prentice Hall. 30. Haryanto, J.O,  Silva, M. and Moutinho, L. (2015). “Neural network approach to understanding the children’s market”, European Journal of Marketing, 49 (3), 372 – 397._||_1. Approved by session 621 dated 14/05/1393 of the General Culture Council. [In Persian] 2. Amini zadeh, S. and boustani, D. (2014). “Zoorkhane and its identification resources”, Social Development, Vol 9, No. 1, pp. 67-84. [In Persian] 3. Nikobakht, M (2001). Physical education in the mirror of Iranian culture and literature, Shahid Beheshti University. [In Persian] 4. Heidary A, Dolatshah N. (2013). “Manifestations of Sufism, Chivarly, and Shia Religion in Ancient Sport and Gymnasium of Iran”, Research in Sport Management and Motor Behavior, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 57-71. [In Persian] 5. Poordavood, E. (2005). “Avesta's Matter”, Donyae ketab publication, Tehran. [In Persian] 6. Anvari, H (2003).”The great culture of speech”. Sokhan publication, Tehran. [In Persian] 7. Mir, R.A., Thokar, S.A., and Mir, M.A. (2013). “Cause related marketing campaigns and Charity Influence on consumer purchase intentions”, Journal of Business and Management, 8(6), 54-59. 8. Kashif, M. Sarifuddin, S. Hassan, A. (2015). “Charity donation: intentions and behavior”, Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 33(1), 90 – 102. 9. Shaikh, S. and McLarney, C. (2005). “Where does all the money go? An investigation of donation filtration”, International journal of sociology and social policy, Vol. 25 No. 12, pp. 81-91. 10. Haddadinia, H., Shohandi, H., Sharbatoghly, A., Seyyedan, S. E. (2011). “The influence of brand familiarity and product type on consumer responses cause related marketing”, Journal of Management Science of Iran, Vol. 6, No. 23, pp. 101-126. [In Persian] 11. Wood, L. Snelgrove, R. and Danylchuk, K. (2010). “Segmenting Volunteer Fundraisers at a Charity Sport Event”, Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 22:38–54. 12. Filo, K., Funk, D.C., & O’Brien, D. (2010). “The Antecedents and Outcomes of Attachment and Sponsor Image with in Charity Sport Events”, Journal of Sport Management; Vol. 24 Issue 6, 623-648. 13. King, S. (2001). “Breast cancer, corporate philanthropy, and the market for generosity”. Social Text 69, 19(4), 115-143. 14. Kqahajerdi, I., Faizollahi, GH. A., Shojaei Isfahani Nejad, S. E. (2014). “Identifying the effective factors in the development of sport tourism using the SWOT model (Case Study: Zurkhaneh of Isfahan City)”. Geographical Journal of Tourism Space, Vol. 3, No.10, pp. 25-38. [In Persian] 15. Yasini, S. R. (2016). Educational and cultural functions of sacraments in palestra, Journal of Islamic Education, Vol. 11, No. 22, pp. 131-150. [In Persian] 16. Amini zadeh, S. and boustani, D. (2013). “Qualitative exploration of Zurkhaneh exercise (Case Study: Kerman Athletes)”, Quarterly Journal of Social Cultural Strategy, Vol. 3, No. 9, pp. 109-133. [In Persian] 17. Pemanfar, M. H., Saatchian, V., Eghbali, B., Pemanfar, H. R. (2012). “Structural model of factors influencing spiritual intelligenc of the Zurkhaneh Athletes”, Sports Psychology Studies, Vol.1, No. 1, pp. 57-68. [In Persian] 18. Bennett, Roger, Mousley, Wendy, Kitchin, Paul and Ali-Choudhury, Rehnuma (2007). “Motivations for Participating In Charity-Affiliated Sporting Events”. Journal of Customer Behavior, 6 (2). pp. 155-178. 19. Dawson, S. (1988). “Four Motivations for Charitable Giving: Implications for marketing strategy to attract monetary donations for medical research”, Journal of Health Care Marketing, 8(2), 31–37. 20. Amos, O.M. (1982). “Empirical analysis of motives underlying individual contributions to charity”. Atlantic Economic Journal, 10(4), 45–52. 21. Hibbert, S., & Horne, S. (1996). “Giving to charity: Questioning the donor process”. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 13(2), 4–13. 22. Marx, J.D. (2000). “Women and human services giving. Social Work”, 45, 27–38. 23. Ritzenheim, D.N. (2000). “One more time: How do you motivate donors?” New Directions for Philanthropic Fundraising, 29, 51–68. 24. Brodkin, P. and Weiss, M. (1990), “Developmental Differences in Motivation for Participating in Competitive Swimming”, Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 248-263. 25. Lindner, K. and Kerr, J. (2001). “Predictability of Sport Participation Motivation from Metamotivational Dominances and Orientations”, Personality and Individual Differences, Vol. 30, No. 6, pp. 759-773. 26. Funk, D., Mahony, D., Nakazawa, M. and Hirakawa, S. (2001). “Developing the Sport Interest Inventory”, International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 291-315. 27. Recours, R., Souville, M. and Griffet, J. (2004). “Expressed Motives for Informal and ClubAssociation Based Sports Participation”, Journal of Leisure Research, Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 1-22. 28. Kahle, L.R. Kau, A. Tambyah, S. Tan, S. and K. Jung (2005). “Religion, Religiosity, And Values: Implications For Consumer Behavior”, in Haugtvedt, C.P., Merunka, D. and Warlop, L. (Eds), The La Londe Seminar, 32nd International Research Seminar in Marketing, LaLonde-les-Maures, pp. 249-259. 29. Haykin, S. (2008). “Neural networks and learning machines: A comprehensive foundation”. NJ: Prentice Hall. 30. Haryanto, J.O,  Silva, M. and Moutinho, L. (2015). “Neural network approach to understanding the children’s market”, European Journal of Marketing, 49 (3), 372 – 397.
دانشکده تربیت بدنی دانشگاه تهران نشریه مدیریت ورزشی 2008-9341 دانشکده تربیت بدنی دانشگاه تهران 125 10.22059/jsm.2019.222485.1747 مقاله پژوهشی شناسایی عوامل موثر بر توسعه فرهنگ ورزش همگانی در ایران شناسایی عوامل موثر بر توسعه فرهنگ ورزش همگانی در ایران نسترن بروجنی ایمان دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت ورزشی- دانشگاه تربیت مدرس تهران قربانی محمد حسین استادیار پژوهشگاه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی/ پژوهشگاه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی کوزه چیان هاشم استاد دانشگاه تربیت مدرس احسانی محمد استاد دانشگاه تربیت مدرس 22 12 2018 10 4 723 738 11 12 2016 16 07 2017 Copyright © 2018, دانشکده تربیت بدنی دانشگاه تهران. 2018 https://jsm.ut.ac.ir/article_71729.html

هدف از تحقیق حاضر، شناسایی عوامل موثر در توسعه فرهنگ ورزش همگانی بوده است. این تحقیق از نوع تحقیقات کاربردی است که به شیوه توصیفی تحلیلی و به شکل میدانی به مرحله اجرا درآمده است. جامعه پژوهش حاضر تعداد 800 نفر از کارشناسان و مدیران و دست اندرکاران ورزش همگانی کشور بودندکه از این میان و با استفاده از جدول تعیین حجم نمونه مورگان تعداد 260 نفر به عنوان نمونه تحقیق انتخاب شدند. ضریب پایایی پرسشنامه به روش آلفای کرونباخ و به میزان(0/912) محاسبه گردید. برای تهیه پرسشنامه با استفاده از مصاحبه با اساتید متخصص تعداد 48سوال در 8 حوزه شناسایی شد که به وسیله تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و تائیدی گویه های مناسب تحقیق در نهایت در 35 گویه و 7 حوزه طبقه بندی گردید. رتبه بندی عوامل بوسیله آزمون رتبه بندی فریدمن انجام شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد عامل اصول و ساختار مهم ترین عامل در توسعه فرهنگ ورزش همگانی بوده است. آموزش ورزش همگانی در رتبه دوم قرار گرفت . این مطلب بر ضرورت آموزش در راستای توسعه فرهنگ ورزش همگانی در کشور می افزاید. توسعه فرهنگ ورزش همگانی فرآیندی زمان بر خواهد بود که عزم جدی مسئولان را می طلبد.

 ایران ورزش تفریحی فرهنگ ورزش ورزش همگانی ورزش 1- Asefi, Ahmad Ali Khabiri, Mohammad Asadi Dastjerdi, Hassan. Goodarzi, Mahmoud. Investigating the Organizational Factors Influencing the Institutionalization of Public Exercise in Iran. Journal of Sport Management and Motor Behavior, 2014; (20): 63-76. (In Persian). 2- Aghajani, Noushin Naderi Nejad, Parchuk. the study of the role of mass media (publications, radio and television) in the dissemination of public sport culture. Journal of Culture and Communication, 2012; 1 (1): 166-185. (In Persian). 3- Ehsani, Mohammad Safari, Coral Amiri, Mojtaba Keshchian, Hashem. Designing a universal sport model of Iran. Journal of Sport Management Studies, 2014; 27 (6): 87-108. (In Persian). 4- Javadipour, Mohammad Qawidl Sarkandi, Goodbye. Samiyanna, Mona. Provide a theoretical framework and model design for the development of universal sport in Iran. Journal of Sport Management Studies, 2013; 21 (5): 127-148. (In Persian). 5- Ramezani Nejad, Rahim. Rahmani Nia, Farhad, Taghavi, Seyyed Amir. Investigating the motivations of participants in outdoor sports in open spaces. Sports Management Journal, 2010; (2): 5-19. (In Persian). 6- Savari, Saeed. Mahdipour, Abdolrahman Rabbir, Spirit. Description of the general sport situation in Khuzestan province and development of its development strategies. Journal of Sport Management and Motor Behavior, 2015; (21): 83-92. (In Persian). 7- Shabani, Abbas Ghafouri, Farzad Henry, Habib. Study of the policies and strategies of the general sport of the comprehensive system of sports development in the country. Journal of Sport Management Studies, 2014; 27 (6): 15-30. (In Persian). 8- Shahbazi, Mehdi. Sha'bani Moghaddam, Keyvan. Safari, Coral. Universal sport (necessity, obstacles and solutions). Majles and Strategy Quarterly, 2013; 76 (20): 69-97. (In Persian). 9- Sadeghian, Zahra Hosseini, Seyyed Emad. Farzan Farzam. Investigating the role of mass media in the popularity of the people of Hamedan to public sport. Journal of Sport Management and Motor Behavior, 2013; (20): 35-44. (In Persian). 10- Adelkhani, Amin. Vaez Mousavi, Seyed Mohammad Kazem. Farahani, Abolfazl. Cultural Capital of Participants in Public Sport (Policy Making and Strategies). Majles and Strategic Quarterly, 2012; 169 (19): 5-32. (In Persian). 11- Iraqi Mohsen Kashf, Mirmohammad. Challenges for the development of universal sport in Iran and its strategies. Sports Management Journal, 2014; (23): 643-655. (In Persian). 12- Qasemi Siani, Mojtaba. Razavi, Mohammad Hussein. Friendship, Morteza. The role of mass media in people's tendency toward universal sport with an emphasis on physical fitness (Case study: Babolsar), Journal of Applied Research in Sport Management, 2015; (13): 71-80. (In Persian). 13- Keshkar, Sarah. Determining the Indicators and Measurement of the Effectiveness of the Programs of Sports Recreation (Public Exercise) of Citizens. Journal of Sport Management and Motor Behavior,2015; (22): 113-132. (In Persian). 14- Mahdi Zadeh Rahimi. Andam, reza. Strategies for the development of universal sport in Iranian universities. Journal of Sport Management Studies,2014; 22 (6): 15-38. (In Persian). 15- Minavand, Mohammad Gholli. Bagheri, Saeed. Ghasemi, Hamid. Methods of Institutionalizing Public Exercise Through National Media from the Experts' Point of View (Case Study: Sima Sports Network). Quarterly journal of communicative research, 2015; 81 (21): 9-20. (In Persian). 16- Carlson, L. A. and L. E. Bittiger. "sport for all and leisure time." Acta Medica Scandinavica, 1979; 206(124): 351-360. 17- Cruickshank, A., D. Collins. "Driving and sustaining culture change in olympic sport  performance teams: a first exploration and grounded theory." Journal of sport & exercise psychology, 2014; 36(1): 107-120. 18- Cuntuzzi, G., E. Righi, et al. "A Case-Control Study on Leisure Time Physical Activity (LTPA) during the Last Three Months of Pregnancy and Foetal Outcomes in Italy." Health, 2016;  8(02): 133-145. 19- Connell, J. "Sport, leisure and culture in the postmodern city." Australian Geographer, 2014; 45(1): 97-99. 20- Dressler, W. W., M. C. Balieiro. "Finding Culture Change in the Second Factor Stability and Change in Cultural Consensus and Residual Agreement." Field Methods, 2015;  27(1): 22-38. 21- Fujiwara, D., L. Kudrna. "Quantifying and valuing the wellbeing impacts of culture and sport." Retrieved August, 2014; 23. 22- Gallant, D., E. Sherry, et al. "Recreation or rehabilitation? Managing sport for development programs with prison populations." Sport management review, 2015; 18(1): 45-56. 23- Kemmelmeier, M. and U. Kohnen. "Culture as process: The dynamics of cultural stability and change." Social Psychology, 2015;  2(3): 171-184. 24- McCue, H. and G. Krayem . Sharia and Muslim Women ™s Agency in a Multicultural Context: Recent Changes in Sports Culture. The Sociology of Sharia: Case Studies from around the World, Springer, 2015; 103-118. 25- McGannon, K. R. and R. J. Schinke. "Situating the subculture of sport, physical activity and critical approaches." The psychology of sub-culture in sport and physical activity: Critical perspectives, 2014; 3-15. 26- Sotiriadou, P., L. Gowthorp. "Elite sport culture and policy interrelationships: the case of Sprint Canoe in Australia." Leisure Studies, 2014; 33(6): 598-617._||_ 1- Asefi, Ahmad Ali Khabiri, Mohammad Asadi Dastjerdi, Hassan. Goodarzi, Mahmoud. Investigating the Organizational Factors Influencing the Institutionalization of Public Exercise in Iran. Journal of Sport Management and Motor Behavior, 2014; (20): 63-76. (In Persian). 2- Aghajani, Noushin Naderi Nejad, Parchuk. the study of the role of mass media (publications, radio and television) in the dissemination of public sport culture. Journal of Culture and Communication, 2012; 1 (1): 166-185. (In Persian). 3- Ehsani, Mohammad Safari, Coral Amiri, Mojtaba Keshchian, Hashem. Designing a universal sport model of Iran. Journal of Sport Management Studies, 2014; 27 (6): 87-108. (In Persian). 4- Javadipour, Mohammad Qawidl Sarkandi, Goodbye. Samiyanna, Mona. Provide a theoretical framework and model design for the development of universal sport in Iran. Journal of Sport Management Studies, 2013; 21 (5): 127-148. (In Persian). 5- Ramezani Nejad, Rahim. Rahmani Nia, Farhad, Taghavi, Seyyed Amir. Investigating the motivations of participants in outdoor sports in open spaces. Sports Management Journal, 2010; (2): 5-19. (In Persian). 6- Savari, Saeed. Mahdipour, Abdolrahman Rabbir, Spirit. Description of the general sport situation in Khuzestan province and development of its development strategies. Journal of Sport Management and Motor Behavior, 2015; (21): 83-92. (In Persian). 7- Shabani, Abbas Ghafouri, Farzad Henry, Habib. Study of the policies and strategies of the general sport of the comprehensive system of sports development in the country. Journal of Sport Management Studies, 2014; 27 (6): 15-30. (In Persian). 8- Shahbazi, Mehdi. Sha'bani Moghaddam, Keyvan. Safari, Coral. Universal sport (necessity, obstacles and solutions). Majles and Strategy Quarterly, 2013; 76 (20): 69-97. (In Persian). 9- Sadeghian, Zahra Hosseini, Seyyed Emad. Farzan Farzam. Investigating the role of mass media in the popularity of the people of Hamedan to public sport. Journal of Sport Management and Motor Behavior, 2013; (20): 35-44. (In Persian). 10- Adelkhani, Amin. Vaez Mousavi, Seyed Mohammad Kazem. Farahani, Abolfazl. Cultural Capital of Participants in Public Sport (Policy Making and Strategies). Majles and Strategic Quarterly, 2012; 169 (19): 5-32. (In Persian). 11- Iraqi Mohsen Kashf, Mirmohammad. Challenges for the development of universal sport in Iran and its strategies. Sports Management Journal, 2014; (23): 643-655. (In Persian). 12- Qasemi Siani, Mojtaba. Razavi, Mohammad Hussein. Friendship, Morteza. The role of mass media in people's tendency toward universal sport with an emphasis on physical fitness (Case study: Babolsar), Journal of Applied Research in Sport Management, 2015; (13): 71-80. (In Persian). 13- Keshkar, Sarah. Determining the Indicators and Measurement of the Effectiveness of the Programs of Sports Recreation (Public Exercise) of Citizens. Journal of Sport Management and Motor Behavior,2015; (22): 113-132. (In Persian). 14- Mahdi Zadeh Rahimi. Andam, reza. Strategies for the development of universal sport in Iranian universities. Journal of Sport Management Studies,2014; 22 (6): 15-38. (In Persian). 15- Minavand, Mohammad Gholli. Bagheri, Saeed. Ghasemi, Hamid. Methods of Institutionalizing Public Exercise Through National Media from the Experts' Point of View (Case Study: Sima Sports Network). Quarterly journal of communicative research, 2015; 81 (21): 9-20. (In Persian). 16- Carlson, L. A. and L. E. Bittiger. "sport for all and leisure time." Acta Medica Scandinavica, 1979; 206(124): 351-360. 17- Cruickshank, A., D. Collins. "Driving and sustaining culture change in olympic sport  performance teams: a first exploration and grounded theory." Journal of sport & exercise psychology, 2014; 36(1): 107-120. 18- Cuntuzzi, G., E. Righi, et al. "A Case-Control Study on Leisure Time Physical Activity (LTPA) during the Last Three Months of Pregnancy and Foetal Outcomes in Italy." Health, 2016;  8(02): 133-145. 19- Connell, J. "Sport, leisure and culture in the postmodern city." Australian Geographer, 2014; 45(1): 97-99. 20- Dressler, W. W., M. C. Balieiro. "Finding Culture Change in the Second Factor Stability and Change in Cultural Consensus and Residual Agreement." Field Methods, 2015;  27(1): 22-38. 21- Fujiwara, D., L. Kudrna. "Quantifying and valuing the wellbeing impacts of culture and sport." Retrieved August, 2014; 23. 22- Gallant, D., E. Sherry, et al. "Recreation or rehabilitation? Managing sport for development programs with prison populations." Sport management review, 2015; 18(1): 45-56. 23- Kemmelmeier, M. and U. Kohnen. "Culture as process: The dynamics of cultural stability and change." Social Psychology, 2015;  2(3): 171-184. 24- McCue, H. and G. Krayem . Sharia and Muslim Women ™s Agency in a Multicultural Context: Recent Changes in Sports Culture. The Sociology of Sharia: Case Studies from around the World, Springer, 2015; 103-118. 25- McGannon, K. R. and R. J. Schinke. "Situating the subculture of sport, physical activity and critical approaches." The psychology of sub-culture in sport and physical activity: Critical perspectives, 2014; 3-15. 26- Sotiriadou, P., L. Gowthorp. "Elite sport culture and policy interrelationships: the case of Sprint Canoe in Australia." Leisure Studies, 2014; 33(6): 598-617.
دانشکده تربیت بدنی دانشگاه تهران نشریه مدیریت ورزشی 2008-9341 دانشکده تربیت بدنی دانشگاه تهران 125 10.22059/jsm.2019.230134.1807 مقاله پژوهشی تحلیل رگرسیونی رابطۀ مؤلفه‌های مدیریت دانش با ابعاد سرمایۀ اجتماعی در دبیران تربیت ‌بدنی خراسان رضوی تحلیل رگرسیونی رابطه مؤلفه‌های مدیریت دانش با ابعاد سرمایه اجتماعی در دبیران تربیت‌بدنی خراسان رضوی طالب پور مهدی دانشیار دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد اسماعیل زاده قندهاری محمدرضا استادیار دانشگاه آزاد واحد مشهد کشتی دار محمد دانشیار دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد هراتی محسن دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت ورزشی دانشگاه آزاد واحد مشهد 22 12 2018 10 4 739 754 29 03 2017 23 07 2017 Copyright © 2018, دانشکده تربیت بدنی دانشگاه تهران. 2018 https://jsm.ut.ac.ir/article_71735.html

                  هدف پژوهش تحلیل رگرسیونی رابطۀ مؤلفه‌های مدیریت دانش با ابعاد سرمایۀ اجتماعی در دبیران تربیت‌ بدنی خراسان رضوی بود. جامعۀ آماری کلیۀ معلمان تربیت ‌بدنی (2481 نفر) خراسان رضوی بود؛ که با استفاده از جدول مورگان 334 نفر انتخاب شدند. روش تحقیق از نوع توصیفی–تحلیلی بود. ابزار مورداندازه‌گیری پرسشنامۀ مدیریت دانش و پرسشنامۀ سرمایۀ اجتماعی بود. جمع‌آوری اطلاعات به شکل میدانی بود. در بخش آزمون از آزمون‌کولموگوروف-اسمیرنوف و رگرسیون چندگانه با استفاده از نرم‌افزار Spss نسخۀ 22 استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که مؤلفه‌های دانش‌آفرینی، سازماندهی دانش و کاربرد دانش در جامعۀ آماری نامبرده بر سرمایۀ شناختی تأثیر معناداری دارد. مؤلفه‌های جذب دانش، سازماندهی دانش و کاربرد دانش بر سرمایۀ رابطه‌ای تأثیر معناداری دارد. مؤلفه‌های سازماندهی دانش و انتشار دانش بر سرمایۀ ساختاری تأثیر معناداری داردکه مؤلفۀ سازمان‌دهی دانش از بین مؤلفه‌های مدیریت دانش بیشترین نقش را بر ابعاد شناختی، رابطه‌ای و ساختاری سرمایۀ اجتماعی دارد. ازاین‌رو پیشنهاد می‌شود مدیران آموزش پرورش در پرورش نیروی انسانی به‌عنوان سرمایه‌های اجتماعی مدیریت دانش توجه بیشتری داشته باشند.

 تحلیل رگرسیونی خراسان رضوی دبیران تربیت ‌بدنی سرمایۀ اجتماعی مدیریت دانش Mohseni F, Seyed Danesh SY, Chirani E. The study of knowledge management's effect on CRM success, considering the intermediary effect of organizational factors. International Journal of Economy, Management and Social Sciences. 2014;3(8):396-9. Zack M, McKeen J, Singh S. Knowledge management and organizational performance: an exploratory analysis. Journal of knowledge management. 2009 Oct 23;13(6):392-409. Gholamian MR; Khajeh Afzali M; Ebrahimi B. Customer Relationship Management,.Tadbir, 2006: p. 178, pp. 68-54.(in Persian) Salavati A, kafeye P, Salepour k. Investigating the Effects of Knowledge Management on Customer Relationship Management in Rafah Bank (Case Study: Kurdistan Province). Beyond Management, 2011 : p. 16, pp. 78-59.(in Persian) Davanport, T., Prosak, L. Working Knowledge: How Organizations Manage What They Know. Cambridge, MA, Harvard Business School Press, 2002.: 18-25. Hoffman J, Hoelscher ML, Sherif K. Social capital, knowledge management, and sustained superior performance. Journal of knowledge management. 2005 Jun 1;9(3):93-100. Nahapiet J, Ghoshal S. Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage. Academy of management review. 1998 Apr 1;23(2):242-66. Mahmudi Toopkanloo H. Investigating the Relationship between Social Capital and the Level of Knowledge Management Implementation in the University Libraries of Mashhad". Master's Degree in Library and Information Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology. 2011. (in Persian) Aale Pour R. Assessment of Knowledge Management Level in the General Directorate of Education in Khuzestan Province and its Subsidiary Cities in 2012". Master's thesis of executive management, Payam Noor University of Karaj, Faculty of Management, Economics and Accounting. 2013. (in Persian) Zargar T .The Impact of Intellectual and Social Capital on Knowledge Management and Its Role on Organizational Effectiveness in Iranian Sports Organizations. Ph.D. in Management and Planning in Interdisciplinary Department of Islamic Azad University, Central Branch, School of Physical Education and Sports.2012. (in Persian( Ahmadi A.Ak. The role of social capital in the effectiveness of knowledge management in Iran Khodro Diesel Co. Master's thesis, Payam noor of Tehran University. 2011. (in Persian) Hadadnia S, Shahidi N. On the relation between knowledge management and social capital with entrepreneurship of employees in the University. 2016. ISSN 2251-838X / Vol, 10 (2), pp: 145-152. Khatiri K, Alikhani N, Kavoosi M. Relationship between knowledge management and social capital in the Faculty of Islamic Azad University of Gorgan. J Applied Environm Biolog Sci. 2015;5(10S):661-4.. Van Reijsen J, Helms R, Batenburg R, Foorthuis R. The impact of knowledge management and social capital on dynamic capability in organizations. Knowledge Management Research & Practice. 2015 Nov 1;13(4):401-17. Vazifeh Damirch, Q, Rahimi, Gh., Seyyedi, MR. Surveying of Social Capital and Knowledge Management on Rroductivity of Employees at Islamic Azad University 13th Reign. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2012. ISSN 1991-8178, No 6(5), pp: 189-195. Monnavarian A, Amini A. Do interactions within networks lead to knowledge management?. Business Strategy Series. 2009 Apr 24;10(3):139-55. Jahed H, Designing a Conceptual Model for Knowledge Management Communication with Cognitive Social Capital. Proceedings of the National Conference on Knowledge Management and Information Science, Links and Practices, Tehran, Librarian, 2009. (in Persian) Mu J, Peng G, Love E. Interfirm networks, social capital, and knowledge flow. Journal of knowledge management. 2008 Jul 18;12(4):86-100. Salmani Moghadam, S. A comparative study on knowledge management and its components in a selection of sports clubs in the country. Master's Degree of Sport Management, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Faculty of Nursing and Sport Sciences. 2012. (in Persian) Putnam, R Democracy and civil traditions. First print, translated by Mohammad Taghi Dolfrooz. University of Tehran: 2001. Salam publication, 35-80.(in Persian) Putnam RD. Bowling alone: America’s declining social capital. InCulture and politics 2000 (pp. 223-234). Palgrave Macmillan, New York. _||_ Mohseni F, Seyed Danesh SY, Chirani E. The study of knowledge management's effect on CRM success, considering the intermediary effect of organizational factors. International Journal of Economy, Management and Social Sciences. 2014;3(8):396-9. Zack M, McKeen J, Singh S. Knowledge management and organizational performance: an exploratory analysis. Journal of knowledge management. 2009 Oct 23;13(6):392-409. Gholamian MR; Khajeh Afzali M; Ebrahimi B. Customer Relationship Management,.Tadbir, 2006: p. 178, pp. 68-54.(in Persian) Salavati A, kafeye P, Salepour k. Investigating the Effects of Knowledge Management on Customer Relationship Management in Rafah Bank (Case Study: Kurdistan Province). Beyond Management, 2011 : p. 16, pp. 78-59.(in Persian) Davanport, T., Prosak, L. Working Knowledge: How Organizations Manage What They Know. Cambridge, MA, Harvard Business School Press, 2002.: 18-25. Hoffman J, Hoelscher ML, Sherif K. Social capital, knowledge management, and sustained superior performance. Journal of knowledge management. 2005 Jun 1;9(3):93-100. Nahapiet J, Ghoshal S. Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage. Academy of management review. 1998 Apr 1;23(2):242-66. Mahmudi Toopkanloo H. Investigating the Relationship between Social Capital and the Level of Knowledge Management Implementation in the University Libraries of Mashhad". Master's Degree in Library and Information Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology. 2011. (in Persian) Aale Pour R. Assessment of Knowledge Management Level in the General Directorate of Education in Khuzestan Province and its Subsidiary Cities in 2012". Master's thesis of executive management, Payam Noor University of Karaj, Faculty of Management, Economics and Accounting. 2013. (in Persian) Zargar T .The Impact of Intellectual and Social Capital on Knowledge Management and Its Role on Organizational Effectiveness in Iranian Sports Organizations. Ph.D. in Management and Planning in Interdisciplinary Department of Islamic Azad University, Central Branch, School of Physical Education and Sports.2012. (in Persian( Ahmadi A.Ak. The role of social capital in the effectiveness of knowledge management in Iran Khodro Diesel Co. Master's thesis, Payam noor of Tehran University. 2011. (in Persian) Hadadnia S, Shahidi N. On the relation between knowledge management and social capital with entrepreneurship of employees in the University. 2016. ISSN 2251-838X / Vol, 10 (2), pp: 145-152. Khatiri K, Alikhani N, Kavoosi M. Relationship between knowledge management and social capital in the Faculty of Islamic Azad University of Gorgan. J Applied Environm Biolog Sci. 2015;5(10S):661-4.. Van Reijsen J, Helms R, Batenburg R, Foorthuis R. The impact of knowledge management and social capital on dynamic capability in organizations. Knowledge Management Research & Practice. 2015 Nov 1;13(4):401-17. Vazifeh Damirch, Q, Rahimi, Gh., Seyyedi, MR. Surveying of Social Capital and Knowledge Management on Rroductivity of Employees at Islamic Azad University 13th Reign. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2012. ISSN 1991-8178, No 6(5), pp: 189-195. Monnavarian A, Amini A. Do interactions within networks lead to knowledge management?. Business Strategy Series. 2009 Apr 24;10(3):139-55. Jahed H, Designing a Conceptual Model for Knowledge Management Communication with Cognitive Social Capital. Proceedings of the National Conference on Knowledge Management and Information Science, Links and Practices, Tehran, Librarian, 2009. (in Persian) Mu J, Peng G, Love E. Interfirm networks, social capital, and knowledge flow. Journal of knowledge management. 2008 Jul 18;12(4):86-100. Salmani Moghadam, S. A comparative study on knowledge management and its components in a selection of sports clubs in the country. Master's Degree of Sport Management, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Faculty of Nursing and Sport Sciences. 2012. (in Persian) Putnam, R Democracy and civil traditions. First print, translated by Mohammad Taghi Dolfrooz. University of Tehran: 2001. Salam publication, 35-80.(in Persian) Putnam RD. Bowling alone: America’s declining social capital. InCulture and politics 2000 (pp. 223-234). Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
دانشکده تربیت بدنی دانشگاه تهران نشریه مدیریت ورزشی 2008-9341 دانشکده تربیت بدنی دانشگاه تهران 125 10.22059/jsm.2019.223660.1753 مقاله پژوهشی بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر توسعۀ ورزش قهرمانی استان‌های ایران و ارائۀ الگوی پیشنهادی بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر توسعه ورزش قهرمانی استان‌های ایران و ارائه الگوی پیشنهادی ملائی مینا دانشگاه گیلان رمضانی نژاد رحیم دانشگاه گیلان یاسوری مجید دانشگاه گیلان کاوسی شراره پردیس بین الملل دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد 22 12 2018 10 4 757 775 27 12 2016 22 07 2017 Copyright © 2018, دانشکده تربیت بدنی دانشگاه تهران. 2018 https://jsm.ut.ac.ir/article_71730.html

ابعاد کلان توسعه و متغیرهای جغرافیایی از عواملی‌اند که می‌توانند روند توسعه‌یافتگی استان‌ها و در نتیجه توسعه‌یافتگی ورزش قهرمانی را تحت تأثیر قرار دهند. بنابراین، هدف این مطالعه تعیین میزان اثرگذاری ابعاد و شاخص‌های توسعۀ ملی و متغیرهای اقلیمی-جغرافیایی جهت ارائۀ مدل توسعۀ ورزش قهرمانی استان‌های کشور بود. جامعه و نمونۀ آماری براساس تقسیمات کشوری سال 1390، شامل 30 استان بود. این پژوهش از نوع توصیفی- تحلیلی و تکنیک جمع‌آوری داده‌های آن کتابخانه‌ای است که با استفاده از 39 شاخص توسعۀ ملی، 5 متغیر جغرافیایی و 48 شاخص ورزشی سطح توسعه‌یافتگی استان‌های ایران و اثرگذاری ابعاد کلان توسعه و برخی از متغیرهای جغرافیایی بر توسعۀ ورزش قهرمانی از سال 1385 تا 1390بررسی شده است. در این پژوهش، از روش‌های آماری استاندارد کردن، تحلیل عاملی و رگرسیون پنل برای تحلیل داده‌ها استفاده شد. تحلیل مدل‌های پیشنهادی نشان داد بیشترین ضریب اثرگذاری در مدل مربوط به ابعاد کلان توسعه به ترتیب به توسعۀ فرهنگی (192/0=β) و توسعۀ اجتماعی (155/0=β) و در مدل متغیرهای جغرافیایی به مساحت استان (160/1-=β) و متوسط سالانۀ بارش (067/0-=β) تعلق داشت. از میزان اثرگذاری هر یک از عوامل و شاخص‌های توسعه، می‌توان برای تدوین برنامه‌های توسعۀ بلندمدت، میان‌مدت و تعیین اولویت تخصیص منابع استفاده کرد.

 توسعۀ اجتماعی توسعۀ اقتصادی توسعۀ فرهنگی متغیرهای جغرافیایی ورزش قهرمانی 1.         Jiang Y, Li, J., Hua, F., Wang, J Multi-factor Statistical Analysis of Influencing Factors for Elite Sports Development. International Journal of Sports Science and Engineering. 2007;1(2). 2.         De Bosscher V, De Knop P, Heyndels B. Comparing tennis success among countries. International Sports Studies. 2003;25(1):49-68. 3.         De Bosscher V, Heyndels B, De Knop P, van Bottenburg M, Shibli S. The paradox of measuring success of nations in elite sport. Belgeo Revue belge de géographie. 2008 (2):217-34. 4.         Mourão PJR. Regional determinants of competitiveness: the case of European soccer teams. International Journal of Sport Finance. 2010;5(3):222. 5.         Hoffman R, Lee, C.G., Ramasamy, B The Socio-Economic Determinants of International Soccer Performance. Journal of Applied Economics. 2002;5(2):253-72. 6.         DuBois C, Heyndels, B Revealed Comprative Advantage and Specialization in Athletic. IASE/NAASE, Working paper series. 2007:07-17. 7.         habib- alh d. Development Management. 2006;1. 8.         Leeds MA, Leeds, E.M. International Soccer Success and National Institution. Journal of Sports Economics. 2009;104(4). 9.         Shafiee S. Selecting the best model for ranking the participating countries in the Asian games by neural network model, tree model and k-nearest neighbor algorithm. sport management and development 2012;1(1):27-41. 10.       Mitchel H, Stewart, M.F A Competitive Index for International Sport. Applied Economics. 2007;39:587-603. 11.       Jabbari H. Social and economic development: two sides of a coin. , Social welfare charter, Social policy specialty. 2003;10(3): 79-55. 12.       Downward P, Dawson, Alistair. The Ecompnics of Professional Team Sports. 2000. Routhlege. 13.       Sterken E, Kuper, G. Participation and Performance at the Olympic Summer games. Economy and Sport. 2003;3:13-20. 14.       Krishna A, Haglund, E. Why Do Some Countries Win More Olympic medals? Lessons for Social Mobility and Poverty. Economic & Political Weekly, Review of Women’s Studies. 2008:143-51. 15.       De Bosscher V, De Knop, P., van Bottenburg, M., Shibli, S. A Conceptual Framework for Analysing Sports Policy Factors Leading to International Sporting Success. European Sport Management Quarterly. 2006;6(2):185-215. 16.       Habibpour Ganabi CG, Gholamreza. Women's Cultural Development (Case Study of Qom Province. Woman in Culture and Arts. 2011;3(2):96-77. 17.       Tcha MP, V Reconsidering Performance at the Summer Olympics and Revealed Comparative Advantage. Journal of Sports Economics. 2003;4(3): 216-39. 18.       Syri A. Econometrics (along with Eviews software application). 2011;5. Cultural Publishing. 19.       Van Tuyckom C, joreskog, K.C. Going for Gold! Welfare Characteristics and Olympic Success: An Application of the Structural Equation Approach. Qulity and Quantity. 2012;46: 189-205. 20.       Shippi P. Social and Political Factor Affecting Sporting Success in Small Countries: The Case of Cyprus. Biomedical Human Kinetics. 2012;4:38-44. 21.       Fetter SE. Socioeconomic Determinants of Win Maximization at the FIFA World Cup. Bachelor of Arts thesi, The Faculty of the Department of Economics and Business, The Colorado College. 2011. 22.       Andreff M, Andreff, W. Economic Prediction of Sport Performances: From Beijing Olympics to 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa. Working Paper Series. 2010:08-10. 23.       Ghanbari A. Analysis of the Factors Affecting Inequalities in Urban Areas of Iran's Provinces. Geographic Distribution of the Environment. 2011;50(13):169-37. 24.       Shariati Fezabadi M, Khabiri, M., Hamidi, M The Relationship Between the Success of Countries at the Guanghou 2010 Summer Asian Games and Demo-Economic Factors. Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2012;8:369-74. 25.       Forber-Pratt AJ, Scott, J.A., Driscoll, J.D An Emerging Model for Grassroots Paralympic Sport Development: A Comparative Case Study. The International Journal of Sport and Society. 2013;3:54-67. 26.       García PC, Castro JAD, Santos JMS. The economic geography of football success: empirical evidence from European cities. Rivista di diritto ed economia dello sport. 2007;3(2):67-88. 27.       Andreff M, Andreff W, editors. Economic Prediction of Sport Performances: From Beijing Olympics to 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa. 12 th Conference of the International Association of Sport Economists; 2010: Mcteria Portland. 28.       Tahari Mehrjardi MHBM, Hamid; Marvoti Sharifabadi, Ali. Ranking of the Provinces of the Islamic Republic of Iran in terms of access to health sector indicators. Health Information Management. 2012;9(3):369-56. 29.       Constantin–Vlad O, Isabella-Cristiana S. The Relation Between Monetary Integration, the Economic Development of the Euro Area and Sports Performance. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2014;117:715-23. 30.       khali k. Regional Planning and Development (Theories and Techniques)", . 2001. Tehran: Optimistic. 31.       Ebrahimzadeh IESME, Morteza. Application of factor analysis in explaining the spatial pattern of urban-regional development and development. Geography and Development. 2010;8(17):7-28. 32.       Taghvaei MH, Hamid Reza; Sheikh Biglou, Rana (2011). . "Analysis of regional development inequalities in Iran. human geography research. 2011;78:153-68._||_ 1.         Jiang Y, Li, J., Hua, F., Wang, J Multi-factor Statistical Analysis of Influencing Factors for Elite Sports Development. International Journal of Sports Science and Engineering. 2007;1(2). 2.         De Bosscher V, De Knop P, Heyndels B. Comparing tennis success among countries. International Sports Studies. 2003;25(1):49-68. 3.         De Bosscher V, Heyndels B, De Knop P, van Bottenburg M, Shibli S. The paradox of measuring success of nations in elite sport. Belgeo Revue belge de géographie. 2008 (2):217-34. 4.         Mourão PJR. Regional determinants of competitiveness: the case of European soccer teams. International Journal of Sport Finance. 2010;5(3):222. 5.         Hoffman R, Lee, C.G., Ramasamy, B The Socio-Economic Determinants of International Soccer Performance. Journal of Applied Economics. 2002;5(2):253-72. 6.         DuBois C, Heyndels, B Revealed Comprative Advantage and Specialization in Athletic. IASE/NAASE, Working paper series. 2007:07-17. 7.         habib- alh d. Development Management. 2006;1. 8.         Leeds MA, Leeds, E.M. International Soccer Success and National Institution. Journal of Sports Economics. 2009;104(4). 9.         Shafiee S. Selecting the best model for ranking the participating countries in the Asian games by neural network model, tree model and k-nearest neighbor algorithm. sport management and development 2012;1(1):27-41. 10.       Mitchel H, Stewart, M.F A Competitive Index for International Sport. Applied Economics. 2007;39:587-603. 11.       Jabbari H. Social and economic development: two sides of a coin. , Social welfare charter, Social policy specialty. 2003;10(3): 79-55. 12.       Downward P, Dawson, Alistair. The Ecompnics of Professional Team Sports. 2000. Routhlege. 13.       Sterken E, Kuper, G. Participation and Performance at the Olympic Summer games. Economy and Sport. 2003;3:13-20. 14.       Krishna A, Haglund, E. Why Do Some Countries Win More Olympic medals? Lessons for Social Mobility and Poverty. Economic & Political Weekly, Review of Women’s Studies. 2008:143-51. 15.       De Bosscher V, De Knop, P., van Bottenburg, M., Shibli, S. A Conceptual Framework for Analysing Sports Policy Factors Leading to International Sporting Success. European Sport Management Quarterly. 2006;6(2):185-215. 16.       Habibpour Ganabi CG, Gholamreza. Women's Cultural Development (Case Study of Qom Province. Woman in Culture and Arts. 2011;3(2):96-77. 17.       Tcha MP, V Reconsidering Performance at the Summer Olympics and Revealed Comparative Advantage. Journal of Sports Economics. 2003;4(3): 216-39. 18.       Syri A. Econometrics (along with Eviews software application). 2011;5. Cultural Publishing. 19.       Van Tuyckom C, joreskog, K.C. Going for Gold! Welfare Characteristics and Olympic Success: An Application of the Structural Equation Approach. Qulity and Quantity. 2012;46: 189-205. 20.       Shippi P. Social and Political Factor Affecting Sporting Success in Small Countries: The Case of Cyprus. Biomedical Human Kinetics. 2012;4:38-44. 21.       Fetter SE. Socioeconomic Determinants of Win Maximization at the FIFA World Cup. Bachelor of Arts thesi, The Faculty of the Department of Economics and Business, The Colorado College. 2011. 22.       Andreff M, Andreff, W. Economic Prediction of Sport Performances: From Beijing Olympics to 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa. Working Paper Series. 2010:08-10. 23.       Ghanbari A. Analysis of the Factors Affecting Inequalities in Urban Areas of Iran's Provinces. Geographic Distribution of the Environment. 2011;50(13):169-37. 24.       Shariati Fezabadi M, Khabiri, M., Hamidi, M The Relationship Between the Success of Countries at the Guanghou 2010 Summer Asian Games and Demo-Economic Factors. Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2012;8:369-74. 25.       Forber-Pratt AJ, Scott, J.A., Driscoll, J.D An Emerging Model for Grassroots Paralympic Sport Development: A Comparative Case Study. The International Journal of Sport and Society. 2013;3:54-67. 26.       García PC, Castro JAD, Santos JMS. The economic geography of football success: empirical evidence from European cities. Rivista di diritto ed economia dello sport. 2007;3(2):67-88. 27.       Andreff M, Andreff W, editors. Economic Prediction of Sport Performances: From Beijing Olympics to 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa. 12 th Conference of the International Association of Sport Economists; 2010: Mcteria Portland. 28.       Tahari Mehrjardi MHBM, Hamid; Marvoti Sharifabadi, Ali. Ranking of the Provinces of the Islamic Republic of Iran in terms of access to health sector indicators. Health Information Management. 2012;9(3):369-56. 29.       Constantin–Vlad O, Isabella-Cristiana S. The Relation Between Monetary Integration, the Economic Development of the Euro Area and Sports Performance. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2014;117:715-23. 30.       khali k. Regional Planning and Development (Theories and Techniques)", . 2001. Tehran: Optimistic. 31.       Ebrahimzadeh IESME, Morteza. Application of factor analysis in explaining the spatial pattern of urban-regional development and development. Geography and Development. 2010;8(17):7-28. 32.       Taghvaei MH, Hamid Reza; Sheikh Biglou, Rana (2011). . "Analysis of regional development inequalities in Iran. human geography research. 2011;78:153-68.
دانشکده تربیت بدنی دانشگاه تهران نشریه مدیریت ورزشی 2008-9341 دانشکده تربیت بدنی دانشگاه تهران 125 10.22059/jsm.2017.227519.1787 مقاله پژوهشی تحلیل آمیخته از نماگرها و شاخص دیدبان حکمرانی ورزشی تحلیل آمیخته از نماگرها و شاخص دیده بان حکمرانی ورزشی احمدی بهشت دانشجوی دکترا، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران یوسفی بهرام دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه، دکترا عیدی حسین دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران 22 12 2018 10 4 775 793 12 02 2017 03 09 2017 Copyright © 2018, دانشکده تربیت بدنی دانشگاه تهران. 2018 https://jsm.ut.ac.ir/article_71733.html

هدف دیدبان حکمرانی ورزشی آگاهی دادن به فدراسیون‌های ورزشی است که چگونه فعالیت‌های خود را به شیوۀ مؤثر سازماندهی کنند و بر فعالیت‌های خود نظارت داشته باشند. هدف این پژوهش، شناسایی نماگرها و تعیین شاخص دیدبان حکمرانی ورزشی فدراسیون‌ها بود. روش پژوهش آمیخته از نوع اکتشافی متوالی؛ و جامعۀ آماری در بخش کیفی خبرگان (15 نفر) و در بخش کمی 224 نفر از رؤسای هیأت‌های ورزشی استان‌های همدان، کرمانشاه و کردستان بودند. ابزار در بخش کیفی مصاحبه و در بخش کمی پرسشنامه‌ای مطابق با عوامل شناسایی‌شده طراحی شد. بررسی روایی واگرا پرسشنامه، با تحلیل عامل اکتشافی (چرخش واریماکس) چهار عامل شفافیت، دموکراسی، نظارت و همبستگی (58/0 درصد تبیین واریانس) و 25 نماگر را در ساختار شاخص آشکار کرد. در بررسی روایی همگرا، تحلیل عاملی تأییدی وجود چهار عامل را تأیید کرد و پایایی شاخص نیز با بررسی آلفای کرونباخ (91/0) بالا بود. یافته‌ها نشان داد امتیاز شاخص دیدبان حکمرانی ورزشی در ابعاد شفافیت 67/2، دموکراسی 56/2، بازرسی 42/2 و همبستگی 43/2 و امتیاز نهایی شاخص 38 درصد و پایین‌تر از متوسط بود. نتایج این مطالعه به شناسایی عوامل حکمرانی ورزشی به‌منظور اولویت‌بندی و تنظیم اقدامات در فدراسیون‌های ورزشی منجر شد.

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دانشکده تربیت بدنی دانشگاه تهران نشریه مدیریت ورزشی 2008-9341 دانشکده تربیت بدنی دانشگاه تهران 125 10.22059/jsm.2018.219923.1723 مقاله پژوهشی مدل تمایل به بازگشت گردشگران فستیوال‌های ورزش‌های بومی و سنتی براساس زیرساخت‌های خدماتی مدل تمایل به بازگشت گردشگران فستیوال‌های ورزش‌های بومی و سنتی بر اساس زیرساخت‌های خدماتی قزلسفلو حمیدرضا دانشگاه گنبد کاووس-کارشناسی ارشد اصفهانی نوشین هیات علمی دانشگاه الزهرا 22 12 2018 10 4 795 812 20 12 2016 13 03 2017 Copyright © 2018, دانشکده تربیت بدنی دانشگاه تهران. 2018 https://jsm.ut.ac.ir/article_71727.html

کیفیت خدمات از مهم‌ترین عواملی است که به رضایت‌مندی و تداوم حضور گردشگران منجر می‌شود. هدف اصلی از تحقیق حاضر طراحی مدل تمایل به بازگشت گردشگران ورزشی در فستیوال‌های ورزش‌های بومی و سنتی براساس زیرساخت‌های خدماتی است. نمونۀ آماری تحقیق شامل تعداد 375n= گردشگر ورزشی حاضر در فستیوال ورزش کشتی آلیش، کشتی گوروش و مسابقات اسب‌دوانی استان گلستان بود. به‌منظور جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از پرسشنامۀ کیفیت خدمات ورزشی چن (2011) و پرسشنامۀ تمایل به بازگشت گردشگران شونک (2006)، استفاده شد. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها پس از اطمینان از توزیع طبیعی داده‌ها، از نرم‌افزار SPSS در بخش آمار توصیفی و استنباطی و نرم‌افزارAMOS  به‌منظور ترسیم تحلیل مسیر استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که رابطۀ معناداری بین کیفیت خدمات و رضایت‌مندی با تمایل به بازگشت مجدد گردشگران ورزشی وجود دارد (05/0≥P و 67/0r=). همچنین در بین کلیۀ ابعاد کیفیت خدمات، مؤلفۀ اعتماد بیشترین تأثیر را بر رضایت‌مندی گردشگران داشت (05/0≥P 42/0β=). بنابراین با توجه به برخورداری از منابع انسانی متخصص که دارای مهارت متناسب با خدمات ارائه‌شده هستند، می‌توان از طریق ایجاد اعتماد در گردشگران و بهبود رضایت‌مندی آنها، زمینۀ حضور مجدد گردشگران ورزشی را فراهم ساخت.

 تمایل به بازگشت رضایت‌مندی کیفیت خدمات گردشگر ورزشی ورزش بومی و سنتی 1. Anam.R, Montazeri. A, Feizi. S. A Study of Service Quality Dimensions in Sport Tourism. Sport Management Studies.2014, N 26, Pp 15-36. (In Persian). 2. Zeytunli. AH, Farahani. A, Asadi. H. Sport tourism and long term economic effects. 2013, 1(1), pp 9-18. (In Persian). 3. Gustafson, M.W. The relative importance of the sports cape in football game attendance at a NCAA division IA university. Texas Tech University. 2005, 14, pp 57-62. 4. Nazemi. A, Gudarzi. M, Khabiri. M. The effect of stadium features on spectator's attendance in Iran football premier league. 2013, 1(1), pp 65-77. 5. Nicholas D. Theodorakis , Kostas Alexandris, Nikolaos Tsigilis, Serafim Karvounis. Predicting spectators’ behavioral intentions in professional football: The role of satisfaction and service quality”. Sport management review. 2013, 16(1). pp 85-96. 6. Heather J. Gibson, Kyriaki Kaplanidou, Sung Jin Kang. “Small-scale event sport tourism: A case study in sustainable tourism. Sport Management Review. 2012, N 15: pp160–170. 7. Ghafouri. F. Tourism Development Model Based on Promotion of Traditional Games in Iran. Sport Management Studies. 2014, N 24, pp 153-174. (In Persian). 8. Khatibzadeh. M, Kozehchian. H, Honarvar. A. The role of service quality in sport viewer's future intention. Sport Management Studie. 2013, V 17, Pp: 191-206. (In Persian). 9. EL-Refae, B. A. A. “The Relationships between Service Quality, Satisfaction, and Behavioral Intentions of Malaysian Spa Center Customers”. International Journal of Business and Social Science. 2012, 3 (1), pp116-127. 10. Watanabe Yasuhiro, Matsumoto Koji., 2013. “Variables Influencing Spectators’ Desire to Stay at a Professional Contemporary”. Management Research. 2013, 9 (3), pp 283-298. 11. Alidust. E, Ahmadi. A. The relationship between quality of Service and audience satisfaction in the league of Asian Championships. Sport Management, 2012, N 14, Pp: 37-41. (In Persian). 12. Theodorakis Nicholas D., Kostas Alexandria, Nikolaos Tsigilis Serafim Karvounis. “Predicting spectators’ behavioral intentions in professional football: The role of satisfaction and service quality”. Sport Management Review. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.smr.2012.05.004. pp 211-226. 13. Kim, Hyun-Duck. LaVetter, David, & Lee, Jeoung-Hak., 2006. “The Influence of Service Quality Factors on Customer Satisfaction and Repurchase Intention in the Korean Professional Basketball League”. International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences, 2006, 18 (1), pp 39-58. 14. Yosuf, A, See. L. “Spectator perception of physical facility and team quality: A study of Malaysian super league soccer match”. Research journal of Intern ant Onal studies. 2008, 8(2). Pp 132-140. 15. Lee, J. H., Kim, H. D., Ko, Y. J., Sagas, M. “The influence of service Quality on satisfaction and intention: A gender segmentation strategy”. Sport Management Review. 2011, 14, pp 54-63. 16. Dhurup, M., Mofoka, MA, & Surujlal, J. “The relationship between stadium sports capes dimensions, desire to stay and future attendance”. African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 2010, 16(3). Pp 321-324. 17. Al-alak, B. A., & Alnawas, L. "Evaluating the effect of marketing activities on relationship quality in the banking sector". International Journal of Marketing Studies, 2010, N 21, pp 78–91. 18. Chen, C. M., Lee, H. T., Chen, S. H., Huang, T. H. "Tourist behavioral intention to service quality and customer satisfaction in Kinmen National Park,Taiwan”. International Journal of Tourism Research. 2011, 13.pp 416-432. 19. Memari. J, Abdollahi. M, Asghari. M. Determining and modeling the factors determining customer satisfaction in private sports and recreational collections. Sport Management Studies.2013, N 18, pp 117-130. (In Persian). 20. Ferran. C.M, Vicente. P-GJosep, Crespo. H, Vicente. 2015. “Spectator emotions: Effects on quality, satisfaction, value, and future intentions”. Journal of business research. Vol68, Issue8, Pp: 1445-1449. 21. Shonk, D. J, Cheladurai. P. “Service quality, Satisfaction and intent to return in sport event tourism”. Journal of sport management, 2008, N 22, pp 587-602. 22. Moreno Ferran Calabuig , Vicente Prado-Gascó, Josep Crespo Hervás, Juan Núñez-Pomar, Vicente Añó Sanz. Spectator emotions" Effects on quality, satisfaction, value, and future intentions “. Original Research Article. Journal of Business Research. 2015, V 3, pp 56-67. 23. Rozita, A.L. Nor Zane, A.A. Khairulzaman, H. Norlizah, A.H. “Impact of Sport Complex Services towards Costumer Behavior in Terengganu”. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2014, V 15, pp 410 – 418. 24. Alaeddini. P, Aminzadeh. N. Development of tourism in the Garme Village of Isfahan: An analysis of the facilitating Facility and sustainability of activities. Rural Development strategy. 2013, 6 (1), pp 51-73. (In Persian). 25. Jun Woo Kim, Jeffrey D. James, Yu Kyoum Kim., 2013. “A model of the relationship among sport consumer motives, spectator commitment, and behavioral intentions”. Sport management review. 2013, 16 (2), pp 173-185. 26. Juan M. H, Rafael Suárez-Vega, Yolanda Santana-Jiménez.”The inter-relationship between rural and mass tourism: The case of Catalonia, Spain”. Tourism management. 2016, V 54, pp 43–57. 27. Moiunfard. MR (2008). The status of the sport tourism industry in Iran and its development pattern. PhD Dissertation, Tabiat Moalem University, 20o8.pp 23-26. (In Persian)._||_ 1. Anam.R, Montazeri. A, Feizi. S. A Study of Service Quality Dimensions in Sport Tourism. Sport Management Studies.2014, N 26, Pp 15-36. (In Persian). 2. Zeytunli. AH, Farahani. A, Asadi. H. Sport tourism and long term economic effects. 2013, 1(1), pp 9-18. (In Persian). 3. Gustafson, M.W. The relative importance of the sports cape in football game attendance at a NCAA division IA university. Texas Tech University. 2005, 14, pp 57-62. 4. Nazemi. A, Gudarzi. M, Khabiri. M. The effect of stadium features on spectator's attendance in Iran football premier league. 2013, 1(1), pp 65-77. 5. Nicholas D. Theodorakis , Kostas Alexandris, Nikolaos Tsigilis, Serafim Karvounis. Predicting spectators’ behavioral intentions in professional football: The role of satisfaction and service quality”. Sport management review. 2013, 16(1). pp 85-96. 6. Heather J. Gibson, Kyriaki Kaplanidou, Sung Jin Kang. “Small-scale event sport tourism: A case study in sustainable tourism. Sport Management Review. 2012, N 15: pp160–170. 7. Ghafouri. F. Tourism Development Model Based on Promotion of Traditional Games in Iran. Sport Management Studies. 2014, N 24, pp 153-174. (In Persian). 8. Khatibzadeh. M, Kozehchian. H, Honarvar. A. The role of service quality in sport viewer's future intention. Sport Management Studie. 2013, V 17, Pp: 191-206. (In Persian). 9. EL-Refae, B. A. A. “The Relationships between Service Quality, Satisfaction, and Behavioral Intentions of Malaysian Spa Center Customers”. International Journal of Business and Social Science. 2012, 3 (1), pp116-127. 10. Watanabe Yasuhiro, Matsumoto Koji., 2013. “Variables Influencing Spectators’ Desire to Stay at a Professional Contemporary”. Management Research. 2013, 9 (3), pp 283-298. 11. Alidust. E, Ahmadi. A. The relationship between quality of Service and audience satisfaction in the league of Asian Championships. Sport Management, 2012, N 14, Pp: 37-41. (In Persian). 12. Theodorakis Nicholas D., Kostas Alexandria, Nikolaos Tsigilis Serafim Karvounis. “Predicting spectators’ behavioral intentions in professional football: The role of satisfaction and service quality”. Sport Management Review. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.smr.2012.05.004. pp 211-226. 13. Kim, Hyun-Duck. LaVetter, David, & Lee, Jeoung-Hak., 2006. “The Influence of Service Quality Factors on Customer Satisfaction and Repurchase Intention in the Korean Professional Basketball League”. International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences, 2006, 18 (1), pp 39-58. 14. Yosuf, A, See. L. “Spectator perception of physical facility and team quality: A study of Malaysian super league soccer match”. Research journal of Intern ant Onal studies. 2008, 8(2). Pp 132-140. 15. Lee, J. H., Kim, H. D., Ko, Y. J., Sagas, M. “The influence of service Quality on satisfaction and intention: A gender segmentation strategy”. Sport Management Review. 2011, 14, pp 54-63. 16. Dhurup, M., Mofoka, MA, & Surujlal, J. “The relationship between stadium sports capes dimensions, desire to stay and future attendance”. African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 2010, 16(3). Pp 321-324. 17. Al-alak, B. A., & Alnawas, L. "Evaluating the effect of marketing activities on relationship quality in the banking sector". International Journal of Marketing Studies, 2010, N 21, pp 78–91. 18. Chen, C. M., Lee, H. T., Chen, S. H., Huang, T. H. "Tourist behavioral intention to service quality and customer satisfaction in Kinmen National Park,Taiwan”. International Journal of Tourism Research. 2011, 13.pp 416-432. 19. Memari. J, Abdollahi. M, Asghari. M. Determining and modeling the factors determining customer satisfaction in private sports and recreational collections. Sport Management Studies.2013, N 18, pp 117-130. (In Persian). 20. Ferran. C.M, Vicente. P-GJosep, Crespo. H, Vicente. 2015. “Spectator emotions: Effects on quality, satisfaction, value, and future intentions”. Journal of business research. Vol68, Issue8, Pp: 1445-1449. 21. Shonk, D. J, Cheladurai. P. “Service quality, Satisfaction and intent to return in sport event tourism”. Journal of sport management, 2008, N 22, pp 587-602. 22. Moreno Ferran Calabuig , Vicente Prado-Gascó, Josep Crespo Hervás, Juan Núñez-Pomar, Vicente Añó Sanz. Spectator emotions" Effects on quality, satisfaction, value, and future intentions “. Original Research Article. Journal of Business Research. 2015, V 3, pp 56-67. 23. Rozita, A.L. Nor Zane, A.A. Khairulzaman, H. Norlizah, A.H. “Impact of Sport Complex Services towards Costumer Behavior in Terengganu”. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2014, V 15, pp 410 – 418. 24. Alaeddini. P, Aminzadeh. N. Development of tourism in the Garme Village of Isfahan: An analysis of the facilitating Facility and sustainability of activities. Rural Development strategy. 2013, 6 (1), pp 51-73. (In Persian). 25. Jun Woo Kim, Jeffrey D. James, Yu Kyoum Kim., 2013. “A model of the relationship among sport consumer motives, spectator commitment, and behavioral intentions”. Sport management review. 2013, 16 (2), pp 173-185. 26. Juan M. H, Rafael Suárez-Vega, Yolanda Santana-Jiménez.”The inter-relationship between rural and mass tourism: The case of Catalonia, Spain”. Tourism management. 2016, V 54, pp 43–57. 27. Moiunfard. MR (2008). The status of the sport tourism industry in Iran and its development pattern. PhD Dissertation, Tabiat Moalem University, 20o8.pp 23-26. (In Persian).